linux/drivers/staging/zram, branch master

zram: promote zram from staging

2014-01-31T00:56:55Z

Zram has lived in staging for a LONG LONG time and have been fixed/improved by many contributors so code is clean and stable now. Of course, there are lots of product using zram in real practice. The major TV companys have used zram as swap since two years ago and recently our production team released android smart phone with zram which is used as swap, too and recently Android Kitkat start to use zram for small memory smart phone. And there was a report Google released their ChromeOS with zram, too and cyanogenmod have been used zram long time ago. And I heard some disto have used zram block device for tmpfs. In addition, I saw many report from many other peoples. For example, Lubuntu start to use it. The benefit of zram is very clear. With my experience, one of the benefit was to remove jitter of video application with backgroud memory pressure. It would be effect of efficient memory usage by compression but more issue is whether swap is there or not in the system. Recent mobile platforms have used JAVA so there are many anonymous pages. But embedded system normally are reluctant to use eMMC or SDCard as swap because there is wear-leveling and latency issues so if we do not use swap, it means we can't reclaim anoymous pages and at last, we could encounter OOM kill. :( Although we have real storage as swap, it was a problem, too. Because it sometime ends up making system very unresponsible caused by slow swap storage performance. Quote from Luigi on Google "Since Chrome OS was mentioned: the main reason why we don't use swap to a disk (rotating or SSD) is because it doesn't degrade gracefully and leads to a bad interactive experience. Generally we prefer to manage RAM at a higher level, by transparently killing and restarting processes. But we noticed that zram is fast enough to be competitive with the latter, and it lets us make more efficient use of the available RAM. " and he announced. http://www.spinics.net/lists/linux-mm/msg57717.html Other uses case is to use zram for block device. Zram is block device so anyone can format the block device and mount on it so some guys on the internet start zram as /var/tmp. http://forums.gentoo.org/viewtopic-t-838198-start-0.html Let's promote zram and enhance/maintain it instead of removing. Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim Reviewed-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk Acked-by: Nitin Gupta Acked-by: Pekka Enberg Cc: Bob Liu Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman Cc: Hugh Dickins Cc: Jens Axboe Cc: Luigi Semenzato Cc: Mel Gorman Cc: Rik van Riel Cc: Seth Jennings Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

zsmalloc: move it under mm

2014-01-31T00:56:55Z

This patch moves zsmalloc under mm directory. Before that, description will explain why we have needed custom allocator. Zsmalloc is a new slab-based memory allocator for storing compressed pages. It is designed for low fragmentation and high allocation success rate on large object, but <= PAGE_SIZE allocations. zsmalloc differs from the kernel slab allocator in two primary ways to achieve these design goals. zsmalloc never requires high order page allocations to back slabs, or "size classes" in zsmalloc terms. Instead it allows multiple single-order pages to be stitched together into a "zspage" which backs the slab. This allows for higher allocation success rate under memory pressure. Also, zsmalloc allows objects to span page boundaries within the zspage. This allows for lower fragmentation than could be had with the kernel slab allocator for objects between PAGE_SIZE/2 and PAGE_SIZE. With the kernel slab allocator, if a page compresses to 60% of it original size, the memory savings gained through compression is lost in fragmentation because another object of the same size can't be stored in the leftover space. This ability to span pages results in zsmalloc allocations not being directly addressable by the user. The user is given an non-dereferencable handle in response to an allocation request. That handle must be mapped, using zs_map_object(), which returns a pointer to the mapped region that can be used. The mapping is necessary since the object data may reside in two different noncontigious pages. The zsmalloc fulfills the allocation needs for zram perfectly [sjenning@linux.vnet.ibm.com: borrow Seth's quote] Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim Acked-by: Nitin Gupta Reviewed-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk Cc: Bob Liu Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman Cc: Hugh Dickins Cc: Jens Axboe Cc: Luigi Semenzato Cc: Mel Gorman Cc: Pekka Enberg Cc: Rik van Riel Cc: Seth Jennings Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

Merge tag 'v3.13-rc6' into for-3.14/core

2013-12-31T16:51:02Z

Needed to bring blk-mq uptodate, since changes have been going in since for-3.14/core was established. Fixup merge issues related to the immutable biovec changes. Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe Conflicts: block/blk-flush.c fs/btrfs/check-integrity.c fs/btrfs/extent_io.c fs/btrfs/scrub.c fs/logfs/dev_bdev.c

Staging: zram: Fix memory leak by refcount mismatch

2013-11-25T17:14:29Z

As suggested by Minchan Kim and Jerome Marchand "The code in reset_store get the block device (bdget_disk()) but it does not put it (bdput()) when it's done using it. The usage count is therefore incremented but never decremented." This patch also puts bdput() for all error cases. Acked-by: Minchan Kim Acked-by: Jerome Marchand Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Rashika Kheria Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman

block: Convert bio_for_each_segment() to bvec_iter

2013-11-24T06:33:49Z

More prep work for immutable biovecs - with immutable bvecs drivers won't be able to use the biovec directly, they'll need to use helpers that take into account bio->bi_iter.bi_bvec_done. This updates callers for the new usage without changing the implementation yet. Signed-off-by: Kent Overstreet Cc: Jens Axboe Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt Cc: Paul Mackerras Cc: "Ed L. Cashin" Cc: Nick Piggin Cc: Lars Ellenberg Cc: Jiri Kosina Cc: Paul Clements Cc: Jim Paris Cc: Geoff Levand Cc: Yehuda Sadeh Cc: Sage Weil Cc: Alex Elder Cc: ceph-devel@vger.kernel.org Cc: Joshua Morris Cc: Philip Kelleher Cc: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk Cc: Jeremy Fitzhardinge Cc: Neil Brown Cc: Martin Schwidefsky Cc: Heiko Carstens Cc: linux390@de.ibm.com Cc: Nagalakshmi Nandigama Cc: Sreekanth Reddy Cc: support@lsi.com Cc: "James E.J. Bottomley" Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman Cc: Alexander Viro Cc: Steven Whitehouse Cc: Herton Ronaldo Krzesinski Cc: Tejun Heo Cc: Andrew Morton Cc: Guo Chao Cc: Asai Thambi S P Cc: Selvan Mani Cc: Sam Bradshaw Cc: Matthew Wilcox Cc: Keith Busch Cc: Stephen Hemminger Cc: Quoc-Son Anh Cc: Sebastian Ott Cc: Nitin Gupta Cc: Minchan Kim Cc: Jerome Marchand Cc: Seth Jennings Cc: "Martin K. Petersen" Cc: Mike Snitzer Cc: Vivek Goyal Cc: "Darrick J. Wong" Cc: Chris Metcalf Cc: Jan Kara Cc: linux-m68k@lists.linux-m68k.org Cc: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org Cc: drbd-user@lists.linbit.com Cc: nbd-general@lists.sourceforge.net Cc: cbe-oss-dev@lists.ozlabs.org Cc: xen-devel@lists.xensource.com Cc: virtualization@lists.linux-foundation.org Cc: linux-raid@vger.kernel.org Cc: linux-s390@vger.kernel.org Cc: DL-MPTFusionLinux@lsi.com Cc: linux-scsi@vger.kernel.org Cc: devel@driverdev.osuosl.org Cc: linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org Cc: cluster-devel@redhat.com Cc: linux-mm@kvack.org Acked-by: Geoff Levand

block: Abstract out bvec iterator

2013-11-24T06:33:47Z

Immutable biovecs are going to require an explicit iterator. To implement immutable bvecs, a later patch is going to add a bi_bvec_done member to this struct; for now, this patch effectively just renames things. Signed-off-by: Kent Overstreet Cc: Jens Axboe Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt Cc: Paul Mackerras Cc: "Ed L. Cashin" Cc: Nick Piggin Cc: Lars Ellenberg Cc: Jiri Kosina Cc: Matthew Wilcox Cc: Geoff Levand Cc: Yehuda Sadeh Cc: Sage Weil Cc: Alex Elder Cc: ceph-devel@vger.kernel.org Cc: Joshua Morris Cc: Philip Kelleher Cc: Rusty Russell Cc: "Michael S. Tsirkin" Cc: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk Cc: Jeremy Fitzhardinge Cc: Neil Brown Cc: Alasdair Kergon Cc: Mike Snitzer Cc: dm-devel@redhat.com Cc: Martin Schwidefsky Cc: Heiko Carstens Cc: linux390@de.ibm.com Cc: Boaz Harrosh Cc: Benny Halevy Cc: "James E.J. Bottomley" Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman Cc: "Nicholas A. Bellinger" Cc: Alexander Viro Cc: Chris Mason Cc: "Theodore Ts'o" Cc: Andreas Dilger Cc: Jaegeuk Kim Cc: Steven Whitehouse Cc: Dave Kleikamp Cc: Joern Engel Cc: Prasad Joshi Cc: Trond Myklebust Cc: KONISHI Ryusuke Cc: Mark Fasheh Cc: Joel Becker Cc: Ben Myers Cc: xfs@oss.sgi.com Cc: Steven Rostedt Cc: Frederic Weisbecker Cc: Ingo Molnar Cc: Len Brown Cc: Pavel Machek Cc: "Rafael J. Wysocki" Cc: Herton Ronaldo Krzesinski Cc: Ben Hutchings Cc: Andrew Morton Cc: Guo Chao Cc: Tejun Heo Cc: Asai Thambi S P Cc: Selvan Mani Cc: Sam Bradshaw Cc: Wei Yongjun Cc: "Roger Pau Monné" Cc: Jan Beulich Cc: Stefano Stabellini Cc: Ian Campbell Cc: Sebastian Ott Cc: Christian Borntraeger Cc: Minchan Kim Cc: Jiang Liu Cc: Nitin Gupta Cc: Jerome Marchand Cc: Joe Perches Cc: Peng Tao Cc: Andy Adamson Cc: fanchaoting Cc: Jie Liu Cc: Sunil Mushran Cc: "Martin K. Petersen" Cc: Namjae Jeon Cc: Pankaj Kumar Cc: Dan Magenheimer Cc: Mel Gorman 6

Staging: zram: Fix access of NULL pointer

2013-10-30T16:36:53Z

This patch fixes the bug in reset_store caused by accessing NULL pointer. The bdev gets its value from bdget_disk() which could fail when memory pressure is severe and hence can return NULL because allocation of inode in bdget could fail. Hence, this patch introduces a check for bdev to prevent reference to a NULL pointer in the later part of the code. It also removes unnecessary check of bdev for fsync_bdev(). Cc: stable Acked-by: Jerome Marchand Signed-off-by: Rashika Kheria Acked-by: Minchan Kim Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman

Staging: zram: Fix variable dereferenced before check

2013-10-30T16:32:10Z

This patch fixes the following Smatch warning in zram_drv.c- drivers/staging/zram/zram_drv.c:899 destroy_device() warn: variable dereferenced before check 'zram->disk' (see line 896) Acked-by: Minchan Kim Acked-by: Jerome Marchand Signed-off-by: Rashika Kheria Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman

Revert "staging: zram: Add auto loading of module if user opens /dev/zram."

2013-09-17T14:39:28Z

This reverts commit c70bda992c12e593e411c02a52e4bd6985407539. It's incorrect, Kay writes: Please just remove it. "devname" is meant to be used for single-instance devices with a static dev_t, never for things like zramX. It will not do anything useful here, it does nothing really without a statically assigned dev_t, and it should not be used for devices of this kind anyway. Reported-by: Tom Gundersen Reported-by: Kay Sievers Cc: Minchan Kim Cc: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman

zram: don't grab mutex in zram_slot_free_noity

2013-08-12T22:25:00Z

[1] introduced down_write in zram_slot_free_notify to prevent race between zram_slot_free_notify and zram_bvec_[read|write]. The race could happen if somebody who has right permission to open swap device is reading swap device while it is used by swap in parallel. However, zram_slot_free_notify is called with holding spin_lock of swap layer so we shouldn't avoid holing mutex. Otherwise, lockdep warns it. This patch adds new list to handle free slot and workqueue so zram_slot_free_notify just registers slot index to be freed and registers the request to workqueue. If workqueue is expired, it holds mutex_lock so there is no problem any more. If any I/O is issued, zram handles pending slot-free request caused by zram_slot_free_notify right before handling issued request because workqueue wouldn't be expired yet so zram I/O request handling function can miss it. Lastly, when zram is reset, flush_work could handle all of pending free request so we shouldn't have memory leak. NOTE: If zram_slot_free_notify's kmalloc with GFP_ATOMIC would be failed, the slot will be freed when next write I/O write the slot. [1] [57ab0485, zram: use zram->lock to protect zram_free_page() in swap free notify path] * from v2 * refactoring * from v1 * totally redesign Cc: Nitin Gupta Cc: Jiang Liu Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman