linux/include/asm-generic/vmlinux.lds.h, branch v5.15

vmlinux.lds.h: remove old check for GCC 4.9

2021-09-13T17:18:29Z

Now that GCC 5.1 is the minimally supported version of GCC, we can effectively revert commit 85c2ce9104eb ("sched, vmlinux.lds: Increase STRUCT_ALIGNMENT to 64 bytes for GCC-4.9") Cc: Peter Zijlstra Signed-off-by: Nick Desaulniers Acked-by: Kees Cook Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

Merge tag 'printk-for-5.15' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/printk/linux

2021-09-02T01:41:13Z

Pull printk updates from Petr Mladek: - Optionally, provide an index of possible printk messages via /printk/index/. It can be used when monitoring important kernel messages on a farm of various hosts. The monitor has to be updated when some messages has changed or are not longer available by a newly deployed kernel. - Add printk.console_no_auto_verbose boot parameter. It allows to generate crash dump even with slow consoles in a reasonable time frame. - Remove printk_safe buffers. The messages are always stored directly to the main logbuffer, even in NMI or recursive context. Also it allows to serialize syslog operations by a mutex instead of a spin lock. - Misc clean up and build fixes. * tag 'printk-for-5.15' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/printk/linux: printk/index: Fix -Wunused-function warning lib/nmi_backtrace: Serialize even messages about idle CPUs printk: Add printk.console_no_auto_verbose boot parameter printk: Remove console_silent() lib/test_scanf: Handle n_bits == 0 in random tests printk: syslog: close window between wait and read printk: convert @syslog_lock to mutex printk: remove NMI tracking printk: remove safe buffers printk: track/limit recursion lib/nmi_backtrace: explicitly serialize banner and regs printk: Move the printk() kerneldoc comment to its new home printk/index: Fix warning about missing prototypes MIPS/asm/printk: Fix build failure caused by printk printk: index: Add indexing support to dev_printk printk: Userspace format indexing support printk: Rework parse_prefix into printk_parse_prefix printk: Straighten out log_flags into printk_info_flags string_helpers: Escape double quotes in escape_special printk/console: Check consistent sequence number when handling race in console_unlock()

vmlinux.lds.h: Handle clang's module.{c,d}tor sections

2021-08-11T19:19:58Z

A recent change in LLVM causes module_{c,d}tor sections to appear when CONFIG_K{A,C}SAN are enabled, which results in orphan section warnings because these are not handled anywhere: ld.lld: warning: arch/x86/pci/built-in.a(legacy.o):(.text.asan.module_ctor) is being placed in '.text.asan.module_ctor' ld.lld: warning: arch/x86/pci/built-in.a(legacy.o):(.text.asan.module_dtor) is being placed in '.text.asan.module_dtor' ld.lld: warning: arch/x86/pci/built-in.a(legacy.o):(.text.tsan.module_ctor) is being placed in '.text.tsan.module_ctor' Fangrui explains: "the function asan.module_ctor has the SHF_GNU_RETAIN flag, so it is in a separate section even with -fno-function-sections (default)". Place them in the TEXT_TEXT section so that these technologies continue to work with the newer compiler versions. All of the KASAN and KCSAN KUnit tests continue to pass after this change. Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Link: https://github.com/ClangBuiltLinux/linux/issues/1432 Link: https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/commit/7b789562244ee941b7bf2cefeb3fc08a59a01865 Signed-off-by: Nathan Chancellor Reviewed-by: Nick Desaulniers Reviewed-by: Fangrui Song Acked-by: Marco Elver Signed-off-by: Kees Cook Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210731023107.1932981-1-nathan@kernel.org

printk: Userspace format indexing support

2021-07-19T09:57:48Z

We have a number of systems industry-wide that have a subset of their functionality that works as follows: 1. Receive a message from local kmsg, serial console, or netconsole; 2. Apply a set of rules to classify the message; 3. Do something based on this classification (like scheduling a remediation for the machine), rinse, and repeat. As a couple of examples of places we have this implemented just inside Facebook, although this isn't a Facebook-specific problem, we have this inside our netconsole processing (for alarm classification), and as part of our machine health checking. We use these messages to determine fairly important metrics around production health, and it's important that we get them right. While for some kinds of issues we have counters, tracepoints, or metrics with a stable interface which can reliably indicate the issue, in order to react to production issues quickly we need to work with the interface which most kernel developers naturally use when developing: printk. Most production issues come from unexpected phenomena, and as such usually the code in question doesn't have easily usable tracepoints or other counters available for the specific problem being mitigated. We have a number of lines of monitoring defence against problems in production (host metrics, process metrics, service metrics, etc), and where it's not feasible to reliably monitor at another level, this kind of pragmatic netconsole monitoring is essential. As one would expect, monitoring using printk is rather brittle for a number of reasons -- most notably that the message might disappear entirely in a new version of the kernel, or that the message may change in some way that the regex or other classification methods start to silently fail. One factor that makes this even harder is that, under normal operation, many of these messages are never expected to be hit. For example, there may be a rare hardware bug which one wants to detect if it was to ever happen again, but its recurrence is not likely or anticipated. This precludes using something like checking whether the printk in question was printed somewhere fleetwide recently to determine whether the message in question is still present or not, since we don't anticipate that it should be printed anywhere, but still need to monitor for its future presence in the long-term. This class of issue has happened on a number of occasions, causing unhealthy machines with hardware issues to remain in production for longer than ideal. As a recent example, some monitoring around blk_update_request fell out of date and caused semi-broken machines to remain in production for longer than would be desirable. Searching through the codebase to find the message is also extremely fragile, because many of the messages are further constructed beyond their callsite (eg. btrfs_printk and other module-specific wrappers, each with their own functionality). Even if they aren't, guessing the format and formulation of the underlying message based on the aesthetics of the message emitted is not a recipe for success at scale, and our previous issues with fleetwide machine health checking demonstrate as much. This provides a solution to the issue of silently changed or deleted printks: we record pointers to all printk format strings known at compile time into a new .printk_index section, both in vmlinux and modules. At runtime, this can then be iterated by looking at /printk/index/, which emits the following format, both readable by humans and able to be parsed by machines: $ head -1 vmlinux; shuf -n 5 vmlinux # filename:line function "format" <5> block/blk-settings.c:661 disk_stack_limits "%s: Warning: Device %s is misaligned\n" <4> kernel/trace/trace.c:8296 trace_create_file "Could not create tracefs '%s' entry\n" <6> arch/x86/kernel/hpet.c:144 _hpet_print_config "hpet: %s(%d):\n" <6> init/do_mounts.c:605 prepare_namespace "Waiting for root device %s...\n" <6> drivers/acpi/osl.c:1410 acpi_no_auto_serialize_setup "ACPI: auto-serialization disabled\n" This mitigates the majority of cases where we have a highly-specific printk which we want to match on, as we can now enumerate and check whether the format changed or the printk callsite disappeared entirely in userspace. This allows us to catch changes to printks we monitor earlier and decide what to do about it before it becomes problematic. There is no additional runtime cost for printk callers or printk itself, and the assembly generated is exactly the same. Signed-off-by: Chris Down Cc: Petr Mladek Cc: Jessica Yu Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky Cc: John Ogness Cc: Steven Rostedt Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman Cc: Johannes Weiner Cc: Kees Cook Reviewed-by: Petr Mladek Tested-by: Petr Mladek Reported-by: kernel test robot Acked-by: Andy Shevchenko Acked-by: Jessica Yu # for module.{c,h} Signed-off-by: Petr Mladek Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/e42070983637ac5e384f17fbdbe86d19c7b212a5.1623775748.git.chris@chrisdown.name

vmlinux.lds.h: Avoid orphan section with !SMP

2021-06-02T19:43:55Z

With x86_64_defconfig and the following configs, there is an orphan section warning: CONFIG_SMP=n CONFIG_AMD_MEM_ENCRYPT=y CONFIG_HYPERVISOR_GUEST=y CONFIG_KVM=y CONFIG_PARAVIRT=y ld: warning: orphan section `.data..decrypted' from `arch/x86/kernel/cpu/vmware.o' being placed in section `.data..decrypted' ld: warning: orphan section `.data..decrypted' from `arch/x86/kernel/kvm.o' being placed in section `.data..decrypted' These sections are created with DEFINE_PER_CPU_DECRYPTED, which ultimately turns into __PCPU_ATTRS, which in turn has a section attribute with a value of PER_CPU_BASE_SECTION + the section name. When CONFIG_SMP is not set, the base section is .data and that is not currently handled in any linker script. Add .data..decrypted to PERCPU_DECRYPTED_SECTION, which is included in PERCPU_INPUT -> PERCPU_SECTION, which is include in the x86 linker script when either CONFIG_X86_64 or CONFIG_SMP is unset, taking care of the warning. Fixes: ac26963a1175 ("percpu: Introduce DEFINE_PER_CPU_DECRYPTED") Link: https://github.com/ClangBuiltLinux/linux/issues/1360 Reported-by: kernel test robot Signed-off-by: Nathan Chancellor Tested-by: Nick Desaulniers # build Signed-off-by: Kees Cook Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210506001410.1026691-1-nathan@kernel.org

add support for Clang CFI

2021-04-08T23:04:20Z

This change adds support for Clang’s forward-edge Control Flow Integrity (CFI) checking. With CONFIG_CFI_CLANG, the compiler injects a runtime check before each indirect function call to ensure the target is a valid function with the correct static type. This restricts possible call targets and makes it more difficult for an attacker to exploit bugs that allow the modification of stored function pointers. For more details, see: https://clang.llvm.org/docs/ControlFlowIntegrity.html Clang requires CONFIG_LTO_CLANG to be enabled with CFI to gain visibility to possible call targets. Kernel modules are supported with Clang’s cross-DSO CFI mode, which allows checking between independently compiled components. With CFI enabled, the compiler injects a __cfi_check() function into the kernel and each module for validating local call targets. For cross-module calls that cannot be validated locally, the compiler calls the global __cfi_slowpath_diag() function, which determines the target module and calls the correct __cfi_check() function. This patch includes a slowpath implementation that uses __module_address() to resolve call targets, and with CONFIG_CFI_CLANG_SHADOW enabled, a shadow map that speeds up module look-ups by ~3x. Clang implements indirect call checking using jump tables and offers two methods of generating them. With canonical jump tables, the compiler renames each address-taken function to .cfi and points the original symbol to a jump table entry, which passes __cfi_check() validation. This isn’t compatible with stand-alone assembly code, which the compiler doesn’t instrument, and would result in indirect calls to assembly code to fail. Therefore, we default to using non-canonical jump tables instead, where the compiler generates a local jump table entry .cfi_jt for each address-taken function, and replaces all references to the function with the address of the jump table entry. Note that because non-canonical jump table addresses are local to each component, they break cross-module function address equality. Specifically, the address of a global function will be different in each module, as it's replaced with the address of a local jump table entry. If this address is passed to a different module, it won’t match the address of the same function taken there. This may break code that relies on comparing addresses passed from other components. CFI checking can be disabled in a function with the __nocfi attribute. Additionally, CFI can be disabled for an entire compilation unit by filtering out CC_FLAGS_CFI. By default, CFI failures result in a kernel panic to stop a potential exploit. CONFIG_CFI_PERMISSIVE enables a permissive mode, where the kernel prints out a rate-limited warning instead, and allows execution to continue. This option is helpful for locating type mismatches, but should only be enabled during development. Signed-off-by: Sami Tolvanen Reviewed-by: Kees Cook Tested-by: Nathan Chancellor Signed-off-by: Kees Cook Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210408182843.1754385-2-samitolvanen@google.com

Merge tag 'orphan-handling-v5.12-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/kees/linux

2021-02-26T18:12:19Z

Pull orphan handling fix from Kees Cook: "Another case of bogus .eh_frame emission was noticed under CONFIG_GCOV_KERNEL=y. Summary: - Define SANITIZER_DISCARDS with CONFIG_GCOV_KERNEL=y (Nathan Chancellor)" * tag 'orphan-handling-v5.12-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/kees/linux: vmlinux.lds.h: Define SANITIZER_DISCARDS with CONFIG_GCOV_KERNEL=y

vmlinux.lds.h: Define SANTIZER_DISCARDS with CONFIG_GCOV_KERNEL=y

2021-02-25T21:15:25Z

clang produces .eh_frame sections when CONFIG_GCOV_KERNEL is enabled, even when -fno-asynchronous-unwind-tables is in KBUILD_CFLAGS: $ make CC=clang vmlinux ... ld: warning: orphan section `.eh_frame' from `init/main.o' being placed in section `.eh_frame' ld: warning: orphan section `.eh_frame' from `init/version.o' being placed in section `.eh_frame' ld: warning: orphan section `.eh_frame' from `init/do_mounts.o' being placed in section `.eh_frame' ld: warning: orphan section `.eh_frame' from `init/do_mounts_initrd.o' being placed in section `.eh_frame' ld: warning: orphan section `.eh_frame' from `init/initramfs.o' being placed in section `.eh_frame' ld: warning: orphan section `.eh_frame' from `init/calibrate.o' being placed in section `.eh_frame' ld: warning: orphan section `.eh_frame' from `init/init_task.o' being placed in section `.eh_frame' ... $ rg "GCOV_KERNEL|GCOV_PROFILE_ALL" .config CONFIG_GCOV_KERNEL=y CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_GCOV_PROFILE_ALL=y CONFIG_GCOV_PROFILE_ALL=y This was already handled for a couple of other options in commit d812db78288d ("vmlinux.lds.h: Avoid KASAN and KCSAN's unwanted sections") and there is an open LLVM bug for this issue. Take advantage of that section for this config as well so that there are no more orphan warnings. Link: https://bugs.llvm.org/show_bug.cgi?id=46478 Link: https://github.com/ClangBuiltLinux/linux/issues/1069 Reported-by: kernel test robot Reviewed-by: Fangrui Song Reviewed-by: Nick Desaulniers Signed-off-by: Nathan Chancellor Fixes: d812db78288d ("vmlinux.lds.h: Avoid KASAN and KCSAN's unwanted sections") Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Kees Cook Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210130004650.2682422-1-nathan@kernel.org

Merge tag 'mips_5.12_1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mips/linux

2021-02-25T20:18:21Z

Pull more MIPS updates from Thomas Bogendoerfer: - added n64 block driver - fix for ubsan warnings - fix for bcm63xx platform - update of linux-mips mailinglist * tag 'mips_5.12_1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mips/linux: arch: mips: update references to current linux-mips list mips: bmips: init clocks earlier vmlinux.lds.h: catch even more instrumentation symbols into .data n64: store dev instance into disk private data n64: cleanup n64cart_probe() n64: cosmetics changes n64: remove curly brackets n64: use sector SECTOR_SHIFT instead 512 n64: use enums for reg n64: move module param at the top n64: move module info at the end n64: use pr_fmt to avoid duplicate string block: Add n64 cart driver

Merge tag 'kbuild-v5.12' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/masahiroy/linux-kbuild

2021-02-25T18:17:31Z

Pull Kbuild updates from Masahiro Yamada: - Fix false-positive build warnings for ARCH=ia64 builds - Optimize dictionary size for module compression with xz - Check the compiler and linker versions in Kconfig - Fix misuse of extra-y - Support DWARF v5 debug info - Clamp SUBLEVEL to 255 because stable releases 4.4.x and 4.9.x exceeded the limit - Add generic syscall{tbl,hdr}.sh for cleanups across arches - Minor cleanups of genksyms - Minor cleanups of Kconfig * tag 'kbuild-v5.12' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/masahiroy/linux-kbuild: (38 commits) initramfs: Remove redundant dependency of RD_ZSTD on BLK_DEV_INITRD kbuild: remove deprecated 'always' and 'hostprogs-y/m' kbuild: parse C= and M= before changing the working directory kbuild: reuse this-makefile to define abs_srctree kconfig: unify rule of config, menuconfig, nconfig, gconfig, xconfig kconfig: omit --oldaskconfig option for 'make config' kconfig: fix 'invalid option' for help option kconfig: remove dead code in conf_askvalue() kconfig: clean up nested if-conditionals in check_conf() kconfig: Remove duplicate call to sym_get_string_value() Makefile: Remove # characters from compiler string Makefile: reuse CC_VERSION_TEXT kbuild: check the minimum linker version in Kconfig kbuild: remove ld-version macro scripts: add generic syscallhdr.sh scripts: add generic syscalltbl.sh arch: syscalls: remove $(srctree)/ prefix from syscall tables arch: syscalls: add missing FORCE and fix 'targets' to make if_changed work gen_compile_commands: prune some directories kbuild: simplify access to the kernel's version ...