linux/kernel/sched, branch v3.18

context_tracking: Restore previous state in schedule_user

2014-12-04T04:55:58Z

It appears that some SCHEDULE_USER (asm for schedule_user) callers in arch/x86/kernel/entry_64.S are called from RCU kernel context, and schedule_user will return in RCU user context. This causes RCU warnings and possible failures. This is intended to be a minimal fix suitable for 3.18. Reported-and-tested-by: Dave Jones Cc: Oleg Nesterov Cc: Frédéric Weisbecker Acked-by: Paul E. McKenney Signed-off-by: Andy Lutomirski Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

sched: Provide update_curr callbacks for stop/idle scheduling classes

2014-11-23T22:14:40Z

Chris bisected a NULL pointer deference in task_sched_runtime() to commit 6e998916dfe3 'sched/cputime: Fix clock_nanosleep()/clock_gettime() inconsistency'. Chris observed crashes in atop or other /proc walking programs when he started fork bombs on his machine. He assumed that this is a new exit race, but that does not make any sense when looking at that commit. What's interesting is that, the commit provides update_curr callbacks for all scheduling classes except stop_task and idle_task. While nothing can ever hit that via the clock_nanosleep() and clock_gettime() interfaces, which have been the target of the commit in question, the author obviously forgot that there are other code paths which invoke task_sched_runtime() do_task_stat(() thread_group_cputime_adjusted() thread_group_cputime() task_cputime() task_sched_runtime() if (task_current(rq, p) && task_on_rq_queued(p)) { update_rq_clock(rq); up->sched_class->update_curr(rq); } If the stats are read for a stomp machine task, aka 'migration/N' and that task is current on its cpu, this will happily call the NULL pointer of stop_task->update_curr. Ooops. Chris observation that this happens faster when he runs the fork bomb makes sense as the fork bomb will kick migration threads more often so the probability to hit the issue will increase. Add the missing update_curr callbacks to the scheduler classes stop_task and idle_task. While idle tasks cannot be monitored via /proc we have other means to hit the idle case. Fixes: 6e998916dfe3 'sched/cputime: Fix clock_nanosleep()/clock_gettime() inconsistency' Reported-by: Chris Mason Reported-and-tested-by: Borislav Petkov Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner Cc: Ingo Molnar Cc: Stanislaw Gruszka Cc: Peter Zijlstra Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

sched/cputime: Fix clock_nanosleep()/clock_gettime() inconsistency

2014-11-16T09:04:20Z

Commit d670ec13178d0 "posix-cpu-timers: Cure SMP wobbles" fixes one glibc test case in cost of breaking another one. After that commit, calling clock_nanosleep(TIMER_ABSTIME, X) and then clock_gettime(&Y) can result of Y time being smaller than X time. Reproducer/tester can be found further below, it can be compiled and ran by: gcc -o tst-cpuclock2 tst-cpuclock2.c -pthread while ./tst-cpuclock2 ; do : ; done This reproducer, when running on a buggy kernel, will complain about "clock_gettime difference too small". Issue happens because on start in thread_group_cputimer() we initialize sum_exec_runtime of cputimer with threads runtime not yet accounted and then add the threads runtime to running cputimer again on scheduler tick, making it's sum_exec_runtime bigger than actual threads runtime. KOSAKI Motohiro posted a fix for this problem, but that patch was never applied: https://lkml.org/lkml/2013/5/26/191 . This patch takes different approach to cure the problem. It calls update_curr() when cputimer starts, that assure we will have updated stats of running threads and on the next schedule tick we will account only the runtime that elapsed from cputimer start. That also assure we have consistent state between cpu times of individual threads and cpu time of the process consisted by those threads. Full reproducer (tst-cpuclock2.c): #define _GNU_SOURCE #include #include #include #include #include #include #include /* Parameters for the Linux kernel ABI for CPU clocks. */ #define CPUCLOCK_SCHED 2 #define MAKE_PROCESS_CPUCLOCK(pid, clock) \ ((~(clockid_t) (pid) << 3) | (clockid_t) (clock)) static pthread_barrier_t barrier; /* Help advance the clock. */ static void *chew_cpu(void *arg) { pthread_barrier_wait(&barrier); while (1) ; return NULL; } /* Don't use the glibc wrapper. */ static int do_nanosleep(int flags, const struct timespec *req) { clockid_t clock_id = MAKE_PROCESS_CPUCLOCK(0, CPUCLOCK_SCHED); return syscall(SYS_clock_nanosleep, clock_id, flags, req, NULL); } static int64_t tsdiff(const struct timespec *before, const struct timespec *after) { int64_t before_i = before->tv_sec * 1000000000ULL + before->tv_nsec; int64_t after_i = after->tv_sec * 1000000000ULL + after->tv_nsec; return after_i - before_i; } int main(void) { int result = 0; pthread_t th; pthread_barrier_init(&barrier, NULL, 2); if (pthread_create(&th, NULL, chew_cpu, NULL) != 0) { perror("pthread_create"); return 1; } pthread_barrier_wait(&barrier); /* The test. */ struct timespec before, after, sleeptimeabs; int64_t sleepdiff, diffabs; const struct timespec sleeptime = {.tv_sec = 0,.tv_nsec = 100000000 }; /* The relative nanosleep. Not sure why this is needed, but its presence seems to make it easier to reproduce the problem. */ if (do_nanosleep(0, &sleeptime) != 0) { perror("clock_nanosleep"); return 1; } /* Get the current time. */ if (clock_gettime(CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID, &before) < 0) { perror("clock_gettime[2]"); return 1; } /* Compute the absolute sleep time based on the current time. */ uint64_t nsec = before.tv_nsec + sleeptime.tv_nsec; sleeptimeabs.tv_sec = before.tv_sec + nsec / 1000000000; sleeptimeabs.tv_nsec = nsec % 1000000000; /* Sleep for the computed time. */ if (do_nanosleep(TIMER_ABSTIME, &sleeptimeabs) != 0) { perror("absolute clock_nanosleep"); return 1; } /* Get the time after the sleep. */ if (clock_gettime(CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID, &after) < 0) { perror("clock_gettime[3]"); return 1; } /* The time after sleep should always be equal to or after the absolute sleep time passed to clock_nanosleep. */ sleepdiff = tsdiff(&sleeptimeabs, &after); if (sleepdiff < 0) { printf("absolute clock_nanosleep woke too early: %" PRId64 "\n", sleepdiff); result = 1; printf("Before %llu.%09llu\n", before.tv_sec, before.tv_nsec); printf("After %llu.%09llu\n", after.tv_sec, after.tv_nsec); printf("Sleep %llu.%09llu\n", sleeptimeabs.tv_sec, sleeptimeabs.tv_nsec); } /* The difference between the timestamps taken before and after the clock_nanosleep call should be equal to or more than the duration of the sleep. */ diffabs = tsdiff(&before, &after); if (diffabs < sleeptime.tv_nsec) { printf("clock_gettime difference too small: %" PRId64 "\n", diffabs); result = 1; } pthread_cancel(th); return result; } Signed-off-by: Stanislaw Gruszka Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) Cc: Rik van Riel Cc: Frederic Weisbecker Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro Cc: Oleg Nesterov Cc: Linus Torvalds Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20141112155843.GA24803@redhat.com Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar

sched/cputime: Fix cpu_timer_sample_group() double accounting

2014-11-16T09:04:18Z

While looking over the cpu-timer code I found that we appear to add the delta for the calling task twice, through: cpu_timer_sample_group() thread_group_cputimer() thread_group_cputime() times->sum_exec_runtime += task_sched_runtime(); *sample = cputime.sum_exec_runtime + task_delta_exec(); Which would make the sample run ahead, making the sleep short. Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro Cc: Oleg Nesterov Cc: Stanislaw Gruszka Cc: Christoph Lameter Cc: Frederic Weisbecker Cc: Linus Torvalds Cc: Rik van Riel Cc: Tejun Heo Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20141112113737.GI10476@twins.programming.kicks-ass.net Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar

sched/numa: Avoid selecting oneself as swap target

2014-11-16T09:04:17Z

Because the whole numa task selection stuff runs with preemption enabled (its long and expensive) we can end up migrating and selecting oneself as a swap target. This doesn't really work out well -- we end up trying to acquire the same lock twice for the swap migrate -- so avoid this. Reported-and-Tested-by: Sasha Levin Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) Cc: Linus Torvalds Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20141110100328.GF29390@twins.programming.kicks-ass.net Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar

sched/numa: Fix out of bounds read in sched_init_numa()

2014-11-10T09:33:22Z

On latest mm + KASan patchset I've got this: ================================================================== BUG: AddressSanitizer: out of bounds access in sched_init_smp+0x3ba/0x62c at addr ffff88006d4bee6c ============================================================================= BUG kmalloc-8 (Not tainted): kasan error ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Disabling lock debugging due to kernel taint INFO: Allocated in alloc_vfsmnt+0xb0/0x2c0 age=75 cpu=0 pid=0 __slab_alloc+0x4b4/0x4f0 __kmalloc_track_caller+0x15f/0x1e0 kstrdup+0x44/0x90 alloc_vfsmnt+0xb0/0x2c0 vfs_kern_mount+0x35/0x190 kern_mount_data+0x25/0x50 pid_ns_prepare_proc+0x19/0x50 alloc_pid+0x5e2/0x630 copy_process.part.41+0xdf5/0x2aa0 do_fork+0xf5/0x460 kernel_thread+0x21/0x30 rest_init+0x1e/0x90 start_kernel+0x522/0x531 x86_64_start_reservations+0x2a/0x2c x86_64_start_kernel+0x15b/0x16a INFO: Slab 0xffffea0001b52f80 objects=24 used=22 fp=0xffff88006d4befc0 flags=0x100000000004080 INFO: Object 0xffff88006d4bed20 @offset=3360 fp=0xffff88006d4bee70 Bytes b4 ffff88006d4bed10: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a ........ZZZZZZZZ Object ffff88006d4bed20: 70 72 6f 63 00 6b 6b a5 proc.kk. Redzone ffff88006d4bed28: cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc ........ Padding ffff88006d4bee68: 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a ZZZZZZZZ CPU: 0 PID: 1 Comm: swapper/0 Tainted: G B 3.18.0-rc3-mm1+ #108 Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS rel-1.7.5-0-ge51488c-20140602_164612-nilsson.home.kraxel.org 04/01/2014 ffff88006d4be000 0000000000000000 ffff88006d4bed20 ffff88006c86fd18 ffffffff81cd0a59 0000000000000058 ffff88006d404240 ffff88006c86fd48 ffffffff811fa3a8 ffff88006d404240 ffffea0001b52f80 ffff88006d4bed20 Call Trace: dump_stack (lib/dump_stack.c:52) print_trailer (mm/slub.c:645) object_err (mm/slub.c:652) ? sched_init_smp (kernel/sched/core.c:6552 kernel/sched/core.c:7063) kasan_report_error (mm/kasan/report.c:102 mm/kasan/report.c:178) ? kasan_poison_shadow (mm/kasan/kasan.c:48) ? kasan_unpoison_shadow (mm/kasan/kasan.c:54) ? kasan_poison_shadow (mm/kasan/kasan.c:48) ? kasan_kmalloc (mm/kasan/kasan.c:311) __asan_load4 (mm/kasan/kasan.c:371) ? sched_init_smp (kernel/sched/core.c:6552 kernel/sched/core.c:7063) sched_init_smp (kernel/sched/core.c:6552 kernel/sched/core.c:7063) kernel_init_freeable (init/main.c:869 init/main.c:997) ? finish_task_switch (kernel/sched/sched.h:1036 kernel/sched/core.c:2248) ? rest_init (init/main.c:924) kernel_init (init/main.c:929) ? rest_init (init/main.c:924) ret_from_fork (arch/x86/kernel/entry_64.S:348) ? rest_init (init/main.c:924) Read of size 4 by task swapper/0: Memory state around the buggy address: ffff88006d4beb80: fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc 00 fc fc fc fc fc ffff88006d4bec00: fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc ffff88006d4bec80: fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc ffff88006d4bed00: fc fc fc fc 00 fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc ffff88006d4bed80: fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc >ffff88006d4bee00: fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc 04 fc ^ ffff88006d4bee80: fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc ffff88006d4bef00: fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc ffff88006d4bef80: fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb ffff88006d4bf000: fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb ffff88006d4bf080: fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb ================================================================== Zero 'level' (e.g. on non-NUMA system) causing out of bounds access in this line: sched_max_numa_distance = sched_domains_numa_distance[level - 1]; Fix this by exiting from sched_init_numa() earlier. Signed-off-by: Andrey Ryabinin Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel Fixes: 9942f79ba ("sched/numa: Export info needed for NUMA balancing on complex topologies") Cc: peterz@infradead.org Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1415372020-1871-1-git-send-email-a.ryabinin@samsung.com Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar

sched: Remove lockdep check in sched_move_task()

2014-11-04T06:07:30Z

sched_move_task() is the only interface to change sched_task_group: cpu_cgrp_subsys methods and autogroup_move_group() use it. Everything is synchronized by task_rq_lock(), so cpu_cgroup_attach() is ordered with other users of sched_move_task(). This means we do no need RCU here: if we've dereferenced a tg here, the .attach method hasn't been called for it yet. Thus, we should pass "true" to task_css_check() to silence lockdep warnings. Fixes: eeb61e53ea19 ("sched: Fix race between task_group and sched_task_group") Reported-by: Oleg Nesterov Reported-by: Fengguang Wu Signed-off-by: Kirill Tkhai Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) Cc: Linus Torvalds Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1414473874.8574.2.camel@tkhai Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar

sched/dl: Fix preemption checks

2014-10-28T09:46:10Z

1) switched_to_dl() check is wrong. We reschedule only if rq->curr is deadline task, and we do not reschedule if it's a lower priority task. But we must always preempt a task of other classes. 2) dl_task_timer(): Policy does not change in case of priority inheritance. rt_mutex_setprio() changes prio, while policy remains old. So we lose some balancing logic in dl_task_timer() and switched_to_dl() when we check policy instead of priority. Boosted task may be rq->curr. (I didn't change switched_from_dl() because no check is necessary there at all). I've looked at this place(switched_to_dl) several times and even fixed this function, but found just now... I suppose some performance tests may work better after this. Signed-off-by: Kirill Tkhai Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) Cc: Juri Lelli Cc: Linus Torvalds Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1413909356.19914.128.camel@tkhai Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar

sched: stop the unbound recursion in preempt_schedule_context()

2014-10-28T09:46:05Z

preempt_schedule_context() does preempt_enable_notrace() at the end and this can call the same function again; exception_exit() is heavy and it is quite possible that need-resched is true again. 1. Change this code to dec preempt_count() and check need_resched() by hand. 2. As Linus suggested, we can use the PREEMPT_ACTIVE bit and avoid the enable/disable dance around __schedule(). But in this case we need to move into sched/core.c. 3. Cosmetic, but x86 forgets to declare this function. This doesn't really matter because it is only called by asm helpers, still it make sense to add the declaration into asm/preempt.h to match preempt_schedule(). Reported-by: Sasha Levin Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) Cc: Alexander Graf Cc: Andrew Morton Cc: Christoph Lameter Cc: Linus Torvalds Cc: Masami Hiramatsu Cc: Steven Rostedt Cc: Peter Anvin Cc: Andy Lutomirski Cc: Denys Vlasenko Cc: Chuck Ebbert Cc: Frederic Weisbecker Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20141005202322.GB27962@redhat.com Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar

sched/fair: Fix division by zero sysctl_numa_balancing_scan_size

2014-10-28T09:46:04Z

File /proc/sys/kernel/numa_balancing_scan_size_mb allows writing of zero. This bash command reproduces problem: $ while :; do echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/numa_balancing_scan_size_mb; \ echo 256 > /proc/sys/kernel/numa_balancing_scan_size_mb; done divide error: 0000 [#1] SMP Modules linked in: CPU: 0 PID: 24112 Comm: bash Not tainted 3.17.0+ #8 Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS Bochs 01/01/2011 task: ffff88013c852600 ti: ffff880037a68000 task.ti: ffff880037a68000 RIP: 0010:[] [] task_scan_min+0x21/0x50 RSP: 0000:ffff880037a6bce0 EFLAGS: 00010246 RAX: 0000000000000a00 RBX: 00000000000003e8 RCX: 0000000000000000 RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 0000000000000000 RDI: ffff88013c852600 RBP: ffff880037a6bcf0 R08: 0000000000000001 R09: 0000000000015c90 R10: ffff880239bf6c00 R11: 0000000000000016 R12: 0000000000003fff R13: ffff88013c852600 R14: ffffea0008d1b000 R15: 0000000000000003 FS: 00007f12bb048700(0000) GS:ffff88007da00000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 000000008005003b CR2: 0000000001505678 CR3: 0000000234770000 CR4: 00000000000006f0 Stack: ffff88013c852600 0000000000003fff ffff880037a6bd18 ffffffff810741d1 ffff88013c852600 0000000000003fff 000000000002bfff ffff880037a6bda8 ffffffff81077ef7 ffffea0008a56d40 0000000000000001 0000000000000001 Call Trace: [] task_scan_max+0x11/0x40 [] task_numa_fault+0x1f7/0xae0 [] ? migrate_misplaced_page+0x276/0x300 [] handle_mm_fault+0x62d/0xba0 [] __do_page_fault+0x191/0x510 [] ? native_smp_send_reschedule+0x42/0x60 [] ? check_preempt_curr+0x80/0xa0 [] ? wake_up_new_task+0x11c/0x1a0 [] ? do_fork+0x14d/0x340 [] ? get_unused_fd_flags+0x2b/0x30 [] ? __fd_install+0x1f/0x60 [] do_page_fault+0xc/0x10 [] page_fault+0x22/0x30 RIP [] task_scan_min+0x21/0x50 RSP ---[ end trace 9a826d16936c04de ]--- Also fix race in task_scan_min (it depends on compiler behaviour). Signed-off-by: Kirill Tkhai Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) Cc: Aaron Tomlin Cc: Andrew Morton Cc: Dario Faggioli Cc: David Rientjes Cc: Jens Axboe Cc: Kees Cook Cc: Linus Torvalds Cc: Paul E. McKenney Cc: Rik van Riel Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1413455977.24793.78.camel@tkhai Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar