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2025-12-03Merge tag 'linux_kselftest-next-6.19-rc1' of ↵Linus Torvalds-19/+176
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/shuah/linux-kselftest Pull kselftest updates from Shuah Khan: - Add basic test for trace_marker_raw file to tracing selftest - Fix invalid array access in printf dma_map_benchmark selftest - Add tprobe enable/disable testcase to tracing selftest - Update fprobe selftest for ftrace based fprobe * tag 'linux_kselftest-next-6.19-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/shuah/linux-kselftest: selftests: tracing: Update fprobe selftest for ftrace based fprobe selftests: tracing: Add tprobe enable/disable testcase selftests/run_kselftest.sh: exit with error if tests fail selftests/dma: fix invalid array access in printf selftests/tracing: Add basic test for trace_marker_raw file
2025-12-03Merge tag 'livepatching-for-6.19' of ↵Linus Torvalds-1/+5
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/livepatching/livepatching Pull livepatching updates from Petr Mladek: - Support both paths where tracefs is typically mounted in selftests - Make old_sympos 0 and 1 equal. They both are valid when there is only one symbol with the given name. * tag 'livepatching-for-6.19' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/livepatching/livepatching: selftests: livepatch: use canonical ftrace path livepatch: Match old_sympos 0 and 1 in klp_find_func()
2025-12-03Merge tag 'sched_ext-for-6.19' of ↵Linus Torvalds-0/+476
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/sched_ext Pull sched_ext updates from Tejun Heo: - Improve recovery from misbehaving BPF schedulers. When a scheduler puts many tasks with varying affinity restrictions on a shared DSQ, CPUs scanning through tasks they cannot run can overwhelm the system, causing lockups. Bypass mode now uses per-CPU DSQs with a load balancer to avoid this, and hooks into the hardlockup detector to attempt recovery. Add scx_cpu0 example scheduler to demonstrate this scenario. - Add lockless peek operation for DSQs to reduce lock contention for schedulers that need to query queue state during load balancing. - Allow scx_bpf_reenqueue_local() to be called from anywhere in preparation for deprecating cpu_acquire/release() callbacks in favor of generic BPF hooks. - Prepare for hierarchical scheduler support: add scx_bpf_task_set_slice() and scx_bpf_task_set_dsq_vtime() kfuncs, make scx_bpf_dsq_insert*() return bool, and wrap kfunc args in structs for future aux__prog parameter. - Implement cgroup_set_idle() callback to notify BPF schedulers when a cgroup's idle state changes. - Fix migration tasks being incorrectly downgraded from stop_sched_class to rt_sched_class across sched_ext enable/disable. Applied late as the fix is low risk and the bug subtle but needs stable backporting. - Various fixes and cleanups including cgroup exit ordering, SCX_KICK_WAIT reliability, and backward compatibility improvements. * tag 'sched_ext-for-6.19' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/sched_ext: (44 commits) sched_ext: Fix incorrect sched_class settings for per-cpu migration tasks sched_ext: tools: Removing duplicate targets during non-cross compilation sched_ext: Use kvfree_rcu() to release per-cpu ksyncs object sched_ext: Pass locked CPU parameter to scx_hardlockup() and add docs sched_ext: Update comments replacing breather with aborting mechanism sched_ext: Implement load balancer for bypass mode sched_ext: Factor out abbreviated dispatch dequeue into dispatch_dequeue_locked() sched_ext: Factor out scx_dsq_list_node cursor initialization into INIT_DSQ_LIST_CURSOR sched_ext: Add scx_cpu0 example scheduler sched_ext: Hook up hardlockup detector sched_ext: Make handle_lockup() propagate scx_verror() result sched_ext: Refactor lockup handlers into handle_lockup() sched_ext: Make scx_exit() and scx_vexit() return bool sched_ext: Exit dispatch and move operations immediately when aborting sched_ext: Simplify breather mechanism with scx_aborting flag sched_ext: Use per-CPU DSQs instead of per-node global DSQs in bypass mode sched_ext: Refactor do_enqueue_task() local and global DSQ paths sched_ext: Use shorter slice in bypass mode sched_ext: Mark racy bitfields to prevent adding fields that can't tolerate races sched_ext: Minor cleanups to scx_task_iter ...
2025-12-03Merge tag 'cgroup-for-6.19' of ↵Linus Torvalds-24/+32
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/cgroup Pull cgroup updates from Tejun Heo: - Defer task cgroup unlink until after the dying task's final context switch so that controllers see the cgroup properly populated until the task is truly gone - cpuset cleanups and simplifications. Enforce that domain isolated CPUs stay in root or isolated partitions and fail if isolated+nohz_full would leave no housekeeping CPU. Fix sched/deadline root domain handling during CPU hot-unplug and race for tasks in attaching cpusets - Misc fixes including memory reclaim protection documentation and selftest KTAP conformance * tag 'cgroup-for-6.19' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/cgroup: (21 commits) cpuset: Treat cpusets in attaching as populated sched/deadline: Walk up cpuset hierarchy to decide root domain when hot-unplug cgroup/cpuset: Introduce cpuset_cpus_allowed_locked() docs: cgroup: No special handling of unpopulated memcgs docs: cgroup: Note about sibling relative reclaim protection docs: cgroup: Explain reclaim protection target selftests/cgroup: conform test to KTAP format output cpuset: remove need_rebuild_sched_domains cpuset: remove global remote_children list cpuset: simplify node setting on error cgroup: include missing header for struct irq_work cgroup: Fix sleeping from invalid context warning on PREEMPT_RT cgroup/cpuset: Globally track isolated_cpus update cgroup/cpuset: Ensure domain isolated CPUs stay in root or isolated partition cgroup/cpuset: Move up prstate_housekeeping_conflict() helper cgroup/cpuset: Fail if isolated and nohz_full don't leave any housekeeping cgroup/cpuset: Rename update_unbound_workqueue_cpumask() to update_isolation_cpumasks() cgroup: Defer task cgroup unlink until after the task is done switching out cgroup: Move dying_tasks cleanup from cgroup_task_release() to cgroup_task_free() cgroup: Rename cgroup lifecycle hooks to cgroup_task_*() ...
2025-12-03selftests: tpm2: Fix ill defined assertionsMaurice Hieronymus-2/+2
Remove parentheses around assert statements in Python. With parentheses, assert always evaluates to True, making the checks ineffective. Signed-off-by: Maurice Hieronymus <mhi@mailbox.org> Signed-off-by: Jarkko Sakkinen <jarkko@kernel.org>
2025-12-03Merge tag 'rcu.release.v6.19' of ↵Linus Torvalds-17/+158
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rcu/linux Pull RCU updates from Frederic Weisbecker: "SRCU: - Properly handle SRCU readers within IRQ disabled sections in tiny SRCU - Preparation to reimplement RCU Tasks Trace on top of SRCU fast: - Introduce API to expedite a grace period and test it through rcutorture - Split srcu-fast in two flavours: SRCU-fast and SRCU-fast-updown. Both are still targeted toward faster readers (without full barriers on LOCK and UNLOCK) at the expense of heavier write side (using full RCU grace period ordering instead of simply full ordering) as compared to "traditional" non-fast SRCU. But those srcu-fast flavours are going to be optimized in two different ways: - SRCU-fast will become the reimplementation basis for RCU-TASK-TRACE for consolidation. Since RCU-TASK-TRACE must be NMI safe, SRCU-fast must be as well. - SRCU-fast-updown will be needed for uretprobes code in order to get rid of the read-side memory barriers while still allowing entering the reader at task level while exiting it in a timer handler. It is considered semaphore-like in that it can have different owners between LOCK and UNLOCK. However it is not NMI-safe. The actual optimizations are work in progress for the next cycle. Only the new interfaces are added for now, along with related torture and scalability test code. - Create/document/debug/torture new proper initializers for RCU fast: DEFINE_SRCU_FAST() and init_srcu_struct_fast() This allows for using right away the proper ordering on the write side (either full ordering or full RCU grace period ordering) without waiting for the read side to tell which to use. This also optimizes the read side altogether with moving flavour debug checks under debug config and with removing a costly RmW operation on their first call. - Make some diagnostic functions tracing safe Refscale: - Add performance testing for common context synchronizations (Preemption, IRQ, Softirq) and per-cpu increments. Those are relevant comparisons against SRCU-fast read side APIs, especially as they are planned to synchronize further tracing fast-path code Miscellanous: - In order to prepare the layout for nohz_full work deferral to user exit, the context tracking state must shrink the counter of transitions to/from RCU not watching. The only possible hazard is to trigger wrap-around more easily, delaying a bit grace periods when that happens. This should be a rare event though. Yet add debugging and torture code to test that assumption - Fix memory leak on locktorture module - Annotate accesses in rculist_nulls.h to prevent from KCSAN warnings. On recent discussions, we also concluded that all those WRITE_ONCE() and READ_ONCE() on list APIs deserve appropriate comments. Something to be expected for the next cycle - Provide a script to apply several configs to several commits with torture - Allow torture to reuse a build directory in order to save needless rebuild time - Various cleanups" * tag 'rcu.release.v6.19' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rcu/linux: (29 commits) refscale: Add SRCU-fast-updown readers refscale: Exercise DEFINE_STATIC_SRCU_FAST() and init_srcu_struct_fast() rcutorture: Make srcu{,d}_torture_init() announce the SRCU type srcu: Create an SRCU-fast-updown API refscale: Do not disable interrupts for tests involving local_bh_enable() refscale: Add non-atomic per-CPU increment readers refscale: Add this_cpu_inc() readers refscale: Add preempt_disable() readers refscale: Add local_bh_disable() readers refscale: Add local_irq_disable() and local_irq_save() readers torture: Permit negative kvm.sh --kconfig numberic arguments srcu: Add SRCU_READ_FLAVOR_FAST_UPDOWN CPP macro rcu: Mark diagnostic functions as notrace rcutorture: Make TREE04 use CONFIG_RCU_DYNTICKS_TORTURE rcutorture: Remove redundant rcutorture_one_extend() from rcu_torture_one_read() rcutorture: Permit kvm-again.sh to re-use the build directory torture: Add kvm-series.sh to test commit/scenario combination rcu: use WRITE_ONCE() for ->next and ->pprev of hlist_nulls locktorture: Fix memory leak in param_set_cpumask() doc: Update for SRCU-fast definitions and initialization ...
2025-12-03Merge tag 'nolibc-20251130-for-6.19-1' of ↵Linus Torvalds-1/+15
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/nolibc/linux-nolibc Pull nolibc updates from Thomas Weißschuh: - Preparations to the use of nolibc in UML: - Cleanup of sparse warnings - Library mode without _start() - More consistency when disabling errno - Unconditional installation of all architecture support files - Always 64-bit wide ino_t and off_t - Various cleanups and bug fixes * tag 'nolibc-20251130-for-6.19-1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/nolibc/linux-nolibc: (25 commits) selftests/nolibc: error out on linker warnings selftests/nolibc: use lld to link loongarch binaries tools/nolibc: remove more __nolibc_enosys() fallbacks tools/nolibc: remove now superfluous overflow check in llseek tools/nolibc: use 64-bit off_t tools/nolibc: prefer the llseek syscall tools/nolibc: handle 64-bit off_t for llseek tools/nolibc: use 64-bit ino_t tools/nolibc: avoid using plain integer as NULL pointer tools/nolibc: add support for fchdir() tools/nolibc: clean up outdated comments in generic arch.h tools/nolibc: make the "headers" target install all supported archs tools/nolibc: add the more portable inttypes.h tools/nolibc: provide the portable sys/select.h tools/nolibc: add missing memchr() to string.h tools/nolibc: fix misleading help message regarding installation path tools/nolibc: add uio.h with readv and writev tools/nolibc: add option to disable runtime tools/nolibc: use __fallthrough__ rather than fallthrough tools/nolibc: implement %m if errno is not defined ...
2025-12-02Merge tag 'arm64-upstream' of ↵Linus Torvalds-8/+70
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arm64/linux Pull arm64 updates from Catalin Marinas: "These are the arm64 updates for 6.19. The biggest part is the Arm MPAM driver under drivers/resctrl/. There's a patch touching mm/ to handle spurious faults for huge pmd (similar to the pte version). The corresponding arm64 part allows us to avoid the TLB maintenance if a (huge) page is reused after a write fault. There's EFI refactoring to allow runtime services with preemption enabled and the rest is the usual perf/PMU updates and several cleanups/typos. Summary: Core features: - Basic Arm MPAM (Memory system resource Partitioning And Monitoring) driver under drivers/resctrl/ which makes use of the fs/rectrl/ API Perf and PMU: - Avoid cycle counter on multi-threaded CPUs - Extend CSPMU device probing and add additional filtering support for NVIDIA implementations - Add support for the PMUs on the NoC S3 interconnect - Add additional compatible strings for new Cortex and C1 CPUs - Add support for data source filtering to the SPE driver - Add support for i.MX8QM and "DB" PMU in the imx PMU driver Memory managemennt: - Avoid broadcast TLBI if page reused in write fault - Elide TLB invalidation if the old PTE was not valid - Drop redundant cpu_set_*_tcr_t0sz() macros - Propagate pgtable_alloc() errors outside of __create_pgd_mapping() - Propagate return value from __change_memory_common() ACPI and EFI: - Call EFI runtime services without disabling preemption - Remove unused ACPI function Miscellaneous: - ptrace support to disable streaming on SME-only systems - Improve sysreg generation to include a 'Prefix' descriptor - Replace __ASSEMBLY__ with __ASSEMBLER__ - Align register dumps in the kselftest zt-test - Remove some no longer used macros/functions - Various spelling corrections" * tag 'arm64-upstream' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arm64/linux: (94 commits) arm64/mm: Document why linear map split failure upon vm_reset_perms is not problematic arm64/pageattr: Propagate return value from __change_memory_common arm64/sysreg: Remove unused define ARM64_FEATURE_FIELD_BITS KVM: arm64: selftests: Consider all 7 possible levels of cache KVM: arm64: selftests: Remove ARM64_FEATURE_FIELD_BITS and its last user arm64: atomics: lse: Remove unused parameters from ATOMIC_FETCH_OP_AND macros Documentation/arm64: Fix the typo of register names ACPI: GTDT: Get rid of acpi_arch_timer_mem_init() perf: arm_spe: Add support for filtering on data source perf: Add perf_event_attr::config4 perf/imx_ddr: Add support for PMU in DB (system interconnects) perf/imx_ddr: Get and enable optional clks perf/imx_ddr: Move ida_alloc() from ddr_perf_init() to ddr_perf_probe() dt-bindings: perf: fsl-imx-ddr: Add compatible string for i.MX8QM, i.MX8QXP and i.MX8DXL arm64: remove duplicate ARCH_HAS_MEM_ENCRYPT arm64: mm: use untagged address to calculate page index MAINTAINERS: new entry for MPAM Driver arm_mpam: Add kunit tests for props_mismatch() arm_mpam: Add kunit test for bitmap reset arm_mpam: Add helper to reset saved mbwu state ...
2025-12-02Merge tag 's390-6.19-1' of ↵Linus Torvalds-53/+1
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/s390/linux Pull s390 updates from Heiko Carstens: - Provide a new interface for dynamic configuration and deconfiguration of hotplug memory, allowing with and without memmap_on_memory support. This makes the way memory hotplug is handled on s390 much more similar to other architectures - Remove compat support. There shouldn't be any compat user space around anymore, therefore get rid of a lot of code which also doesn't need to be tested anymore - Add stackprotector support. GCC 16 will get new compiler options, which allow to generate code required for kernel stackprotector support - Merge pai_crypto and pai_ext PMU drivers into a new driver. This removes a lot of duplicated code. The new driver is also extendable and allows to support new PMUs - Add driver override support for AP queues - Rework and extend zcrypt and AP trace events to allow for tracing of crypto requests - Support block sizes larger than 65535 bytes for CCW tape devices - Since the rework of the virtual kernel address space the module area and the kernel image are within the same 4GB area. This eliminates the need of weak per cpu variables. Get rid of ARCH_MODULE_NEEDS_WEAK_PER_CPU - Various other small improvements and fixes * tag 's390-6.19-1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/s390/linux: (92 commits) watchdog: diag288_wdt: Remove KMSG_COMPONENT macro s390/entry: Use lay instead of aghik s390/vdso: Get rid of -m64 flag handling s390/vdso: Rename vdso64 to vdso s390: Rename head64.S to head.S s390/vdso: Use common STABS_DEBUG and DWARF_DEBUG macros s390: Add stackprotector support s390/modules: Simplify module_finalize() slightly s390: Remove KMSG_COMPONENT macro s390/percpu: Get rid of ARCH_MODULE_NEEDS_WEAK_PER_CPU s390/ap: Restrict driver_override versus apmask and aqmask use s390/ap: Rename mutex ap_perms_mutex to ap_attr_mutex s390/ap: Support driver_override for AP queue devices s390/ap: Use all-bits-one apmask/aqmask for vfio in_use() checks s390/debug: Update description of resize operation s390/syscalls: Switch to generic system call table generation s390/syscalls: Remove system call table pointer from thread_struct s390/uapi: Remove 31 bit support from uapi header files s390: Remove compat support tools: Remove s390 compat support ...
2025-12-02Merge git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/netdev/netJakub Kicinski-0/+29
Merge in late fixes in preparation for the net-next PR. Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
2025-12-02Merge tag 'x86_cpu_for_6.19-rc1' of ↵Linus Torvalds-9/+12
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip Pull x86 CPU feature updates from Dave Hansen: "The biggest thing of note here is Linear Address Space Separation (LASS). It represents the first time I can think of that the upper=>kernel/lower=>user address space convention is actually recognized by the hardware on x86. It ensures that userspace can not even get the hardware to _start_ page walks for the kernel address space. This, of course, is a really nice generic side channel defense. This is really only a down payment on LASS support. There are still some details to work out in its interaction with EFI calls and vsyscall emulation. For now, LASS is disabled if either of those features is compiled in (which is almost always the case). There's also one straggler commit in here which converts an under-utilized AMD CPU feature leaf into a generic Linux-defined leaf so more feature can be packed in there. Summary: - Enable Linear Address Space Separation (LASS) - Change X86_FEATURE leaf 17 from an AMD leaf to Linux-defined" * tag 'x86_cpu_for_6.19-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: x86/cpu: Enable LASS during CPU initialization selftests/x86: Update the negative vsyscall tests to expect a #GP x86/traps: Communicate a LASS violation in #GP message x86/kexec: Disable LASS during relocate kernel x86/alternatives: Disable LASS when patching kernel code x86/asm: Introduce inline memcpy and memset x86/cpu: Add an LASS dependency on SMAP x86/cpufeatures: Enumerate the LASS feature bits x86/cpufeatures: Make X86_FEATURE leaf 17 Linux-specific
2025-12-02Merge tag 'kvm-s390-next-6.19-1' of ↵Paolo Bonzini-0/+141
https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/kvms390/linux into HEAD - SCA rework - VIRT_XFER_TO_GUEST_WORK support - Operation exception forwarding support - Cleanups
2025-12-02Merge tag 'timers-core-2025-11-30' of ↵Linus Torvalds-10/+77
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip Pull timer core updates from Thomas Gleixner: - Prevent a thundering herd problem when the timekeeper CPU is delayed and a large number of CPUs compete to acquire jiffies_lock to do the update. Limit it to one CPU with a separate "uncontended" atomic variable. - A set of improvements for the timer migration mechanism: - Support imbalanced NUMA trees correctly - Support dynamic exclusion of CPUs from the migrator duty to allow the cpuset/isolation mechanism to exclude them from handling timers of remote idle CPUs - The usual small updates, cleanups and enhancements * tag 'timers-core-2025-11-30' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: timers/migration: Exclude isolated cpus from hierarchy cpumask: Add initialiser to use cleanup helpers sched/isolation: Force housekeeping if isolcpus and nohz_full don't leave any cgroup/cpuset: Rename update_unbound_workqueue_cpumask() to update_isolation_cpumasks() timers/migration: Use scoped_guard on available flag set/clear timers/migration: Add mask for CPUs available in the hierarchy timers/migration: Rename 'online' bit to 'available' selftests/timers/nanosleep: Add tests for return of remaining time selftests/timers: Clean up kernel version check in posix_timers time: Fix a few typos in time[r] related code comments time: tick-oneshot: Add missing Return and parameter descriptions to kernel-doc hrtimer: Store time as ktime_t in restart block timers/migration: Remove dead code handling idle CPU checking for remote timers timers/migration: Remove unused "cpu" parameter from tmigr_get_group() timers/migration: Assert that hotplug preparing CPU is part of stable active hierarchy timers/migration: Fix imbalanced NUMA trees timers/migration: Remove locking on group connection timers/migration: Convert "while" loops to use "for" tick/sched: Limit non-timekeeper CPUs calling jiffies update
2025-12-02Merge tag 'kvmarm-6.19' of ↵Paolo Bonzini-22/+819
https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/kvmarm/kvmarm into HEAD KVM/arm64 updates for 6.19 - Support for userspace handling of synchronous external aborts (SEAs), allowing the VMM to potentially handle the abort in a non-fatal manner. - Large rework of the VGIC's list register handling with the goal of supporting more active/pending IRQs than available list registers in hardware. In addition, the VGIC now supports EOImode==1 style deactivations for IRQs which may occur on a separate vCPU than the one that acked the IRQ. - Support for FEAT_XNX (user / privileged execute permissions) and FEAT_HAF (hardware update to the Access Flag) in the software page table walkers and shadow MMU. - Allow page table destruction to reschedule, fixing long need_resched latencies observed when destroying a large VM. - Minor fixes to KVM and selftests
2025-12-02Merge tag 'kvm-riscv-6.19-1' of https://github.com/kvm-riscv/linux into HEADPaolo Bonzini-0/+4
KVM/riscv changes for 6.19 - SBI MPXY support for KVM guest - New KVM_EXIT_FAIL_ENTRY_NO_VSFILE for the case when in-kernel AIA virtualization fails to allocate IMSIC VS-file - Support enabling dirty log gradually in small chunks - Fix guest page fault within HLV* instructions - Flush VS-stage TLB after VCPU migration for Andes cores
2025-12-02Merge tag 'loongarch-kvm-6.19' of ↵Paolo Bonzini-3/+417
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/chenhuacai/linux-loongson into HEAD LoongArch KVM changes for v6.19 1. Get VM PMU capability from HW GCFG register. 2. Add AVEC basic support. 3. Use 64-bit register definition for EIOINTC. 4. Add KVM timer test cases for tools/selftests.
2025-12-02KVM: selftests: Add a CPUID testcase for KVM_SET_CPUID2 with runtime updatesSean Christopherson-0/+15
Add a CPUID testcase to verify that KVM allows KVM_SET_CPUID2 after (or in conjunction with) runtime updates. This is a regression test for the bug introduced by commit 93da6af3ae56 ("KVM: x86: Defer runtime updates of dynamic CPUID bits until CPUID emulation"), where KVM would incorrectly reject KVM_SET_CPUID due to a not handling a pending runtime update on the current CPUID, resulting in a false mismatch between the "old" and "new" CPUID entries. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20251128123202.68424a95@imammedo Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20251202015049.1167490-3-seanjc@google.com Signed-off-by: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com>
2025-12-02KVM: selftests: Add missing "break" in rseq_test's param parsingGavin Shan-0/+1
In commit 0297cdc12a87 ("KVM: selftests: Add option to rseq test to override /dev/cpu_dma_latency"), a 'break' is missed before the option 'l' in the argument parsing loop, which leads to an unexpected core dump in atoi_paranoid(). It tries to get the latency from non-existent argument. host$ ./rseq_test -u Random seed: 0x6b8b4567 Segmentation fault (core dumped) Add a 'break' before the option 'l' in the argument parsing loop to avoid the unexpected core dump. Fixes: 0297cdc12a87 ("KVM: selftests: Add option to rseq test to override /dev/cpu_dma_latency") Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # v6.15+ Signed-off-by: Gavin Shan <gshan@redhat.com> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20251124050427.1924591-1-gshan@redhat.com [sean: describe code change in shortlog] Signed-off-by: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com>
2025-12-02selftests/tc-testing: Test CAKE scheduler when enqueue drops packetsXiang Mei-0/+28
Add tests that trigger packet drops in cake_enqueue(): "CAKE with QFQ Parent - CAKE enqueue with packets dropping". It forces CAKE_enqueue to return NET_XMIT_CN after dropping the packets when it has a QFQ parent. Signed-off-by: Xiang Mei <xmei5@asu.edu> Reviewed-by: Toke Høiland-Jørgensen <toke@toke.dk> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20251128001415.377823-3-xmei5@asu.edu Signed-off-by: Paolo Abeni <pabeni@redhat.com>
2025-12-02Merge tag 'asoc-v6.19' of ↵Takashi Iwai-12/+188
https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/broonie/sound into for-linus ASoC: Updates for v6.19 This is a very large set of updates, as well as some more extensive cleanup work from Morimto-san we've also added a generic SCDA class driver for SoundWire devices enabling us to support many chips with no custom code. There's also a batch of new drivers added for both SoCs and CODECs. - Added a SoundWire SCDA generic class driver, pulling in a little regmap work to support it. - A *lot* of cleaup and API improvement work from Morimoto-san. - Lots of work on the existing Cirrus, Intel, Maxim and Qualcomm drivers. - Support for Allwinner A523, Mediatek MT8189, Qualcomm QCM2290, QRB2210 and SM6115, SpacemiT K1, and TI TAS2568, TAS5802, TAS5806, TAS5815, TAS5828 and TAS5830. This also pulls in some gpiolib changes supporting shared GPIOs in the core there so we can convert some of the ASoC drivers open coding handling of that to the core functionality.
2025-12-01selftests: drv-net: Fix tolerance calculation in devlink_rate_tc_bw.pyCarolina Jubran-44/+30
Currently, tolerance is computed against the TC’s expected percentage, making TC3 (20%) validation overly strict and TC4 (80%) overly loose. Update BandwidthValidator to take a dict of shares and compute bounds relative to the overall total, so that all shares are validated consistently. Signed-off-by: Carolina Jubran <cjubran@nvidia.com> Reviewed-by: Cosmin Ratiu <cratiu@nvidia.com> Reviewed-by: Nimrod Oren <noren@nvidia.com> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20251130091938.4109055-7-cjubran@nvidia.com Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
2025-12-01selftests: drv-net: Fix and clarify TC bandwidth split in devlink_rate_tc_bw.pyCarolina Jubran-13/+13
Correct the documented bandwidth distribution between TC3 and TC4 from 80/20 to 20/80. Update test descriptions and printed messages to consistently reflect the intended split. Signed-off-by: Carolina Jubran <cjubran@nvidia.com> Reviewed-by: Cosmin Ratiu <cratiu@nvidia.com> Reviewed-by: Nimrod Oren <noren@nvidia.com> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20251130091938.4109055-6-cjubran@nvidia.com Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
2025-12-01selftests: drv-net: Set shell=True for sysfs writes in devlink_rate_tc_bw.pyCarolina Jubran-2/+2
Commit 7c32f7a2d3db ("selftests: net: py: don't default to shell=True") changed the cmd() helper to avoid spawning a shell unless explicitly requested. The devlink_rate_tc_bw test enables SR-IOV by writing to the sriov_numvfs sysfs attribute using redirection. Without shell=True the redirection is not interpreted and the VF device never appears, causing the test to fail. Fix by explicitly passing shell=True in the two places that update sriov_numvfs. Signed-off-by: Carolina Jubran <cjubran@nvidia.com> Reviewed-by: Cosmin Ratiu <cratiu@nvidia.com> Reviewed-by: Nimrod Oren <noren@nvidia.com> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20251130091938.4109055-5-cjubran@nvidia.com Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
2025-12-01selftests: drv-net: Use Iperf3Runner in devlink_rate_tc_bw.pyCarolina Jubran-41/+29
Replace the inline iperf3 subprocess and JSON parsing with Iperf3Runner. Signed-off-by: Carolina Jubran <cjubran@nvidia.com> Reviewed-by: Cosmin Ratiu <cratiu@nvidia.com> Reviewed-by: Nimrod Oren <noren@nvidia.com> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20251130091938.4109055-4-cjubran@nvidia.com Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
2025-12-01selftests: drv-net: introduce Iperf3Runner for measurement use casesCarolina Jubran-12/+82
GenerateTraffic was added to spin up long-running iperf3 load, mainly to drive high PPS background traffic. It was never meant to provide stable throughput numbers, and trying to repurpose it for measurement does not make sense. Introduce Iperf3Runner to allow tests to split out server/client configuration, control start/stop, and collect JSON output for analysis. This makes it possible to measure bandwidth directly when validating egress shaping. GenerateTraffic stays as the background load generator, reusing the common iperf3 helpers under the hood. Signed-off-by: Carolina Jubran <cjubran@nvidia.com> Reviewed-by: Cosmin Ratiu <cratiu@nvidia.com> Reviewed-by: Nimrod Oren <noren@nvidia.com> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20251130091938.4109055-3-cjubran@nvidia.com Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
2025-12-01selftests: drv-net: Add devlink_rate_tc_bw.py to TEST_PROGSCarolina Jubran-0/+1
This makes devlink_rate_tc_bw.py present in the Makefile under the same directory. Signed-off-by: Carolina Jubran <cjubran@nvidia.com> Reviewed-by: Cosmin Ratiu <cratiu@nvidia.com> Reviewed-by: Nimrod Oren <noren@nvidia.com> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20251130091938.4109055-2-cjubran@nvidia.com Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
2025-12-01selftests: netconsole: remove log noise due to socat exitAndre Carvalho-1/+1
This removes some noise that can be distracting while looking at selftests by redirecting socat stderr to /dev/null. Before this commit, netcons_basic would output: Running with target mode: basic (ipv6) 2025/11/29 12:08:03 socat[259] W exiting on signal 15 2025/11/29 12:08:03 socat[271] W exiting on signal 15 basic : ipv6 : Test passed Running with target mode: basic (ipv4) 2025/11/29 12:08:05 socat[329] W exiting on signal 15 2025/11/29 12:08:05 socat[322] W exiting on signal 15 basic : ipv4 : Test passed Running with target mode: extended (ipv6) 2025/11/29 12:08:08 socat[386] W exiting on signal 15 2025/11/29 12:08:08 socat[386] W exiting on signal 15 2025/11/29 12:08:08 socat[380] W exiting on signal 15 extended : ipv6 : Test passed Running with target mode: extended (ipv4) 2025/11/29 12:08:10 socat[440] W exiting on signal 15 2025/11/29 12:08:10 socat[435] W exiting on signal 15 2025/11/29 12:08:10 socat[435] W exiting on signal 15 extended : ipv4 : Test passed After these changes, output looks like: Running with target mode: basic (ipv6) basic : ipv6 : Test passed Running with target mode: basic (ipv4) basic : ipv4 : Test passed Running with target mode: extended (ipv6) extended : ipv6 : Test passed Running with target mode: extended (ipv4) extended : ipv4 : Test passed Signed-off-by: Andre Carvalho <asantostc@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Simon Horman <horms@kernel.org> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20251129-netcons-socat-noise-v1-1-605a0cea8fca@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
2025-12-01selftests: net: add a hint about MACAddressPolicy=persistentJakub Kicinski-1/+1
New NIPA installation had been reporting a few flaky tests. arp_ndisc_evict_nocarrier is most flaky of them all. I suspect that the flakiness is due to udev swapping the MAC addresses on the interfaces. Extend the message in arp_ndisc_evict_nocarrier to hint at this potential issue. Having the neigh get fail right after ping is rather unusual, unless udev changes the MAC addr causing a flush in the meantime. Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20251127194556.2409574-1-kuba@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
2025-12-01selftests: net: py: handle interrupt during cleanupJakub Kicinski-2/+16
Following up on the old discussion [1]. Let the BaseExceptions out of defer()'ed cleanup. And handle it in the main loop. This allows us to exit the tests if user hit Ctrl-C during defer(). Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20251119063228.3adfd743@kernel.org # [1] Reviewed-by: Simon Horman <horms@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Petr Machata <petrm@nvidia.com> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20251128004846.2602687-1-kuba@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
2025-12-01Merge tag 'vfs-6.19-rc1.coredump' of ↵Linus Torvalds-1663/+2851
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/vfs/vfs Pull pidfd and coredump updates from Christian Brauner: "Features: - Expose coredump signal via pidfd Expose the signal that caused the coredump through the pidfd interface. The recent changes to rework coredump handling to rely on unix sockets are in the process of being used in systemd. The previous systemd coredump container interface requires the coredump file descriptor and basic information including the signal number to be sent to the container. This means the signal number needs to be available before sending the coredump to the container. - Add supported_mask field to pidfd Add a new supported_mask field to struct pidfd_info that indicates which information fields are supported by the running kernel. This allows userspace to detect feature availability without relying on error codes or kernel version checks. Cleanups: - Drop struct pidfs_exit_info and prepare to drop exit_info pointer, simplifying the internal publication mechanism for exit and coredump information retrievable via the pidfd ioctl - Use guard() for task_lock in pidfs - Reduce wait_pidfd lock scope - Add missing PIDFD_INFO_SIZE_VER1 constant - Add missing BUILD_BUG_ON() assert on struct pidfd_info Fixes: - Fix PIDFD_INFO_COREDUMP handling Selftests: - Split out coredump socket tests and common helpers into separate files for better organization - Fix userspace coredump client detection issues - Handle edge-triggered epoll correctly - Ignore ENOSPC errors in tests - Add debug logging to coredump socket tests, socket protocol tests, and test helpers - Add tests for PIDFD_INFO_COREDUMP_SIGNAL - Add tests for supported_mask field - Update pidfd header for selftests" * tag 'vfs-6.19-rc1.coredump' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/vfs/vfs: (23 commits) pidfs: reduce wait_pidfd lock scope selftests/coredump: add second PIDFD_INFO_COREDUMP_SIGNAL test selftests/coredump: add first PIDFD_INFO_COREDUMP_SIGNAL test selftests/coredump: ignore ENOSPC errors selftests/coredump: add debug logging to coredump socket protocol tests selftests/coredump: add debug logging to coredump socket tests selftests/coredump: add debug logging to test helpers selftests/coredump: handle edge-triggered epoll correctly selftests/coredump: fix userspace coredump client detection selftests/coredump: fix userspace client detection selftests/coredump: split out coredump socket tests selftests/coredump: split out common helpers selftests/pidfd: add second supported_mask test selftests/pidfd: add first supported_mask test selftests/pidfd: update pidfd header pidfs: expose coredump signal pidfs: drop struct pidfs_exit_info pidfs: prepare to drop exit_info pointer pidfd: add a new supported_mask field pidfs: add missing BUILD_BUG_ON() assert on struct pidfd_info ...
2025-12-01Merge tag 'namespace-6.19-rc1' of ↵Linus Torvalds-58/+8274
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/vfs/vfs Pull namespace updates from Christian Brauner: "This contains substantial namespace infrastructure changes including a new system call, active reference counting, and extensive header cleanups. The branch depends on the shared kbuild branch for -fms-extensions support. Features: - listns() system call Add a new listns() system call that allows userspace to iterate through namespaces in the system. This provides a programmatic interface to discover and inspect namespaces, addressing longstanding limitations: Currently, there is no direct way for userspace to enumerate namespaces. Applications must resort to scanning /proc/*/ns/ across all processes, which is: - Inefficient - requires iterating over all processes - Incomplete - misses namespaces not attached to any running process but kept alive by file descriptors, bind mounts, or parent references - Permission-heavy - requires access to /proc for many processes - No ordering or ownership information - No filtering per namespace type The listns() system call solves these problems: ssize_t listns(const struct ns_id_req *req, u64 *ns_ids, size_t nr_ns_ids, unsigned int flags); struct ns_id_req { __u32 size; __u32 spare; __u64 ns_id; struct /* listns */ { __u32 ns_type; __u32 spare2; __u64 user_ns_id; }; }; Features include: - Pagination support for large namespace sets - Filtering by namespace type (MNT_NS, NET_NS, USER_NS, etc.) - Filtering by owning user namespace - Permission checks respecting namespace isolation - Active Reference Counting Introduce an active reference count that tracks namespace visibility to userspace. A namespace is visible in the following cases: - The namespace is in use by a task - The namespace is persisted through a VFS object (namespace file descriptor or bind-mount) - The namespace is a hierarchical type and is the parent of child namespaces The active reference count does not regulate lifetime (that's still done by the normal reference count) - it only regulates visibility to namespace file handles and listns(). This prevents resurrection of namespaces that are pinned only for internal kernel reasons (e.g., user namespaces held by file->f_cred, lazy TLB references on idle CPUs, etc.) which should not be accessible via (1)-(3). - Unified Namespace Tree Introduce a unified tree structure for all namespaces with: - Fixed IDs assigned to initial namespaces - Lookup based solely on inode number - Maintained list of owned namespaces per user namespace - Simplified rbtree comparison helpers Cleanups - Header Reorganization: - Move namespace types into separate header (ns_common_types.h) - Decouple nstree from ns_common header - Move nstree types into separate header - Switch to new ns_tree_{node,root} structures with helper functions - Use guards for ns_tree_lock - Initial Namespace Reference Count Optimization - Make all reference counts on initial namespaces a nop to avoid pointless cacheline ping-pong for namespaces that can never go away - Drop custom reference count initialization for initial namespaces - Add NS_COMMON_INIT() macro and use it for all namespaces - pid: rely on common reference count behavior - Miscellaneous Cleanups - Rename exit_task_namespaces() to exit_nsproxy_namespaces() - Rename is_initial_namespace() and make argument const - Use boolean to indicate anonymous mount namespace - Simplify owner list iteration in nstree - nsfs: raise SB_I_NODEV, SB_I_NOEXEC, and DCACHE_DONTCACHE explicitly - nsfs: use inode_just_drop() - pidfs: raise DCACHE_DONTCACHE explicitly - pidfs: simplify PIDFD_GET__NAMESPACE ioctls - libfs: allow to specify s_d_flags - cgroup: add cgroup namespace to tree after owner is set - nsproxy: fix free_nsproxy() and simplify create_new_namespaces() Fixes: - setns(pidfd, ...) race condition Fix a subtle race when using pidfds with setns(). When the target task exits after prepare_nsset() but before commit_nsset(), the namespace's active reference count might have been dropped. If setns() then installs the namespaces, it would bump the active reference count from zero without taking the required reference on the owner namespace, leading to underflow when later decremented. The fix resurrects the ownership chain if necessary - if the caller succeeded in grabbing passive references, the setns() should succeed even if the target task exits or gets reaped. - Return EFAULT on put_user() error instead of success - Make sure references are dropped outside of RCU lock (some namespaces like mount namespace sleep when putting the last reference) - Don't skip active reference count initialization for network namespace - Add asserts for active refcount underflow - Add asserts for initial namespace reference counts (both passive and active) - ipc: enable is_ns_init_id() assertions - Fix kernel-doc comments for internal nstree functions - Selftests - 15 active reference count tests - 9 listns() functionality tests - 7 listns() permission tests - 12 inactive namespace resurrection tests - 3 threaded active reference count tests - commit_creds() active reference tests - Pagination and stress tests - EFAULT handling test - nsid tests fixes" * tag 'namespace-6.19-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/vfs/vfs: (103 commits) pidfs: simplify PIDFD_GET_<type>_NAMESPACE ioctls nstree: fix kernel-doc comments for internal functions nsproxy: fix free_nsproxy() and simplify create_new_namespaces() selftests/namespaces: fix nsid tests ns: drop custom reference count initialization for initial namespaces pid: rely on common reference count behavior ns: add asserts for initial namespace active reference counts ns: add asserts for initial namespace reference counts ns: make all reference counts on initial namespace a nop ipc: enable is_ns_init_id() assertions fs: use boolean to indicate anonymous mount namespace ns: rename is_initial_namespace() ns: make is_initial_namespace() argument const nstree: use guards for ns_tree_lock nstree: simplify owner list iteration nstree: switch to new structures nstree: add helper to operate on struct ns_tree_{node,root} nstree: move nstree types into separate header nstree: decouple from ns_common header ns: move namespace types into separate header ...
2025-12-01Merge branch 'for-linus' into for-nextTakashi Iwai-97/+1626
Pull remaining 6.18-devel changes. Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
2025-12-01Merge branch 'kvm-arm64/nv-xnx-haf' into kvmarm/nextOliver Upton-0/+178
* kvm-arm64/nv-xnx-haf: (22 commits) : Support for FEAT_XNX and FEAT_HAF in nested : : Add support for a couple of MMU-related features that weren't : implemented by KVM's software page table walk: : : - FEAT_XNX: Allows the hypervisor to describe execute permissions : separately for EL0 and EL1 : : - FEAT_HAF: Hardware update of the Access Flag, which in the context of : nested means software walkers must also set the Access Flag. : : The series also adds some basic support for testing KVM's emulation of : the AT instruction, including the implementation detail that AT sets the : Access Flag in KVM. KVM: arm64: at: Update AF on software walk only if VM has FEAT_HAFDBS KVM: arm64: at: Use correct HA bit in TCR_EL2 when regime is EL2 KVM: arm64: Document KVM_PGTABLE_PROT_{UX,PX} KVM: arm64: Fix spelling mistake "Unexpeced" -> "Unexpected" KVM: arm64: Add break to default case in kvm_pgtable_stage2_pte_prot() KVM: arm64: Add endian casting to kvm_swap_s[12]_desc() KVM: arm64: Fix compilation when CONFIG_ARM64_USE_LSE_ATOMICS=n KVM: arm64: selftests: Add test for AT emulation KVM: arm64: nv: Expose hardware access flag management to NV guests KVM: arm64: nv: Implement HW access flag management in stage-2 SW PTW KVM: arm64: Implement HW access flag management in stage-1 SW PTW KVM: arm64: Propagate PTW errors up to AT emulation KVM: arm64: Add helper for swapping guest descriptor KVM: arm64: nv: Use pgtable definitions in stage-2 walk KVM: arm64: Handle endianness in read helper for emulated PTW KVM: arm64: nv: Stop passing vCPU through void ptr in S2 PTW KVM: arm64: Call helper for reading descriptors directly KVM: arm64: nv: Advertise support for FEAT_XNX KVM: arm64: Teach ptdump about FEAT_XNX permissions KVM: arm64: nv: Forward FEAT_XNX permissions to the shadow stage-2 ... Signed-off-by: Oliver Upton <oupton@kernel.org>
2025-12-01Merge branch 'kvm-arm64/vgic-lr-overflow' into kvmarm/nextOliver Upton-22/+288
* kvm-arm64/vgic-lr-overflow: (50 commits) : Support for VGIC LR overflows, courtesy of Marc Zyngier : : Address deficiencies in KVM's GIC emulation when a vCPU has more active : IRQs than can be represented in the VGIC list registers. Sort the AP : list to prioritize inactive and pending IRQs, potentially spilling : active IRQs outside of the LRs. : : Handle deactivation of IRQs outside of the LRs for both EOImode=0/1, : which involves special consideration for SPIs being deactivated from a : different vCPU than the one that acked it. KVM: arm64: Convert ICH_HCR_EL2_TDIR cap to EARLY_LOCAL_CPU_FEATURE KVM: arm64: selftests: vgic_irq: Add timer deactivation test KVM: arm64: selftests: vgic_irq: Add Group-0 enable test KVM: arm64: selftests: vgic_irq: Add asymmetric SPI deaectivation test KVM: arm64: selftests: vgic_irq: Perform EOImode==1 deactivation in ack order KVM: arm64: selftests: vgic_irq: Remove LR-bound limitation KVM: arm64: selftests: vgic_irq: Exclude timer-controlled interrupts KVM: arm64: selftests: vgic_irq: Change configuration before enabling interrupt KVM: arm64: selftests: vgic_irq: Fix GUEST_ASSERT_IAR_EMPTY() helper KVM: arm64: selftests: gic_v3: Disable Group-0 interrupts by default KVM: arm64: selftests: gic_v3: Add irq group setting helper KVM: arm64: GICv2: Always trap GICV_DIR register KVM: arm64: GICv2: Handle deactivation via GICV_DIR traps KVM: arm64: GICv2: Handle LR overflow when EOImode==0 KVM: arm64: GICv3: Force exit to sync ICH_HCR_EL2.En KVM: arm64: GICv3: nv: Plug L1 LR sync into deactivation primitive KVM: arm64: GICv3: nv: Resync LRs/VMCR/HCR early for better MI emulation KVM: arm64: GICv3: Avoid broadcast kick on CPUs lacking TDIR KVM: arm64: GICv3: Handle in-LR deactivation when possible KVM: arm64: GICv3: Add SPI tracking to handle asymmetric deactivation ... Signed-off-by: Oliver Upton <oupton@kernel.org>
2025-12-01Merge branch 'kvm-arm64/sea-user' into kvmarm/nextOliver Upton-0/+333
* kvm-arm64/sea-user: : Userspace handling of SEAs, courtesy of Jiaqi Yan : : Add support for processing external aborts in userspace in situations : where the host has failed to do so, allowing the VMM to potentially : reinject an external abort into the VM. Documentation: kvm: new UAPI for handling SEA KVM: selftests: Test for KVM_EXIT_ARM_SEA KVM: arm64: VM exit to userspace to handle SEA Signed-off-by: Oliver Upton <oupton@kernel.org>
2025-12-01KVM: arm64: Fix spelling mistake "Unexpeced" -> "Unexpected"Colin Ian King-1/+1
There is a spelling mistake in a TEST_FAIL message. Fix it. Signed-off-by: Colin Ian King <colin.i.king@gmail.com> Link: https://msgid.link/20251128175124.319094-1-colin.i.king@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Oliver Upton <oupton@kernel.org>
2025-12-01KVM: arm64: selftests: Add test for AT emulationOliver Upton-0/+178
Add a basic test for AT emulation in the EL2&0 and EL1&0 translation regimes. Reviewed-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org> Tested-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org> Link: https://msgid.link/20251124190158.177318-16-oupton@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Oliver Upton <oupton@kernel.org>
2025-11-30Merge branch 'rcu/misc' into nextFrederic Weisbecker-16/+157
- In order to prepare the layout for nohz_full work deferral to user exit, the context tracking state must shrink the counter of transitions to/from RCU not watching. The only possible hazard is to trigger wrap-around more easily, delaying a bit grace periods when that happens. This should be a rare event though. Yet add debugging and torture code to test that assumption. - Fix memory leak on locktorture module - Annotate accesses in rculist_nulls.h to prevent from KCSAN warnings. On recent discussions, we also concluded that all those WRITE_ONCE() and READ_ONCE() on list APIs deserve appropriate comments. Something to be expected for the next cycle. - Provide a script to apply several configs to several commits with torture. - Allow torture to reuse a build directory in order to save needless rebuild time. - Various cleanups.
2025-11-29selftests/mm/uffd: initialize char variable to NullAnkit Khushwaha-5/+5
In "uffd-stress.c" & "uffd-unit-tests.c". address of char variable having garbage value (uninitialized) is passed to 'write' syscall triggers warning. uffd-stress.c:246:39: warning: variable 'c' is uninitialized when passed as a const pointer argument here [-Wuninitialized-const-pointer] uffd-unit-tests.c:581:31: warning: variable 'c' is uninitialized when passed as a const pointer argument here [-Wuninitialized-const-pointer] so the fix is to assign char variable to '\0' to prevent writing of garbage value. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20251126160830.52124-1-ankitkhushwaha.linux@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Ankit Khushwaha <ankitkhushwaha.linux@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Bill Wendling <morbo@google.com> Cc: Justin Stitt <justinstitt@google.com> Cc: Liam Howlett <liam.howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org> Cc: Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com> Cc: Shuah Khan <shuah@kernel.org> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2025-11-29mm: introduce VMA flags bitmap typeLorenzo Stoakes-30/+120
It is useful to transition to using a bitmap for VMA flags so we can avoid running out of flags, especially for 32-bit kernels which are constrained to 32 flags, necessitating some features to be limited to 64-bit kernels only. By doing so, we remove any constraint on the number of VMA flags moving forwards no matter the platform and can decide in future to extend beyond 64 if required. We start by declaring an opaque types, vma_flags_t (which resembles mm_struct flags of type mm_flags_t), setting it to precisely the same size as vm_flags_t, and place it in union with vm_flags in the VMA declaration. We additionally update struct vm_area_desc equivalently placing the new opaque type in union with vm_flags. This change therefore does not impact the size of struct vm_area_struct or struct vm_area_desc. In order for the change to be iterative and to avoid impacting performance, we designate VM_xxx declared bitmap flag values as those which must exist in the first system word of the VMA flags bitmap. We therefore declare vma_flags_clear_all(), vma_flags_overwrite_word(), vma_flags_overwrite_word(), vma_flags_overwrite_word_once(), vma_flags_set_word() and vma_flags_clear_word() in order to allow us to update the existing vm_flags_*() functions to utilise these helpers. This is a stepping stone towards converting users to the VMA flags bitmap and behaves precisely as before. By doing this, we can eliminate the existing private vma->__vm_flags field in the vma->vm_flags union and replace it with the newly introduced opaque type vma_flags, which we call flags so we refer to the new bitmap field as vma->flags. We update vma_flag_[test, set]_atomic() to account for the change also. We adapt vm_flags_reset_once() to only clear those bits above the first system word providing write-once semantics to the first system word (which it is presumed the caller requires - and in all current use cases this is so). As we currently only specify that the VMA flags bitmap size is equal to BITS_PER_LONG number of bits, this is a noop, but is defensive in preparation for a future change that increases this. We additionally update the VMA userland test declarations to implement the same changes there. Finally, we update the rust code to reference vma->vm_flags on update rather than vma->__vm_flags which has been removed. This is safe for now, albeit it is implicitly performing a const cast. Once we introduce flag helpers we can improve this more. No functional change intended. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/bab179d7b153ac12f221b7d65caac2759282cfe9.1764064557.git.lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com> Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Reviewed-by: Pedro Falcato <pfalcato@suse.de> Acked-by: Alice Ryhl <aliceryhl@google.com> [rust] Cc: Alex Gaynor <alex.gaynor@gmail.com> Cc: Alistair Popple <apopple@nvidia.com> Cc: Andreas Hindborg <a.hindborg@kernel.org> Cc: Axel Rasmussen <axelrasmussen@google.com> Cc: Baolin Wang <baolin.wang@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com> Cc: Barry Song <baohua@kernel.org> Cc: Ben Segall <bsegall@google.com> Cc: Björn Roy Baron <bjorn3_gh@protonmail.com> Cc: Boqun Feng <boqun.feng@gmail.com> Cc: Byungchul Park <byungchul@sk.com> Cc: Chengming Zhou <chengming.zhou@linux.dev> Cc: Chris Li <chrisl@kernel.org> Cc: Danilo Krummrich <dakr@kernel.org> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Dev Jain <dev.jain@arm.com> Cc: Dietmar Eggemann <dietmar.eggemann@arm.com> Cc: Gary Guo <gary@garyguo.net> Cc: Gregory Price <gourry@gourry.net> Cc: "Huang, Ying" <ying.huang@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com> Cc: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@ziepe.ca> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: John Hubbard <jhubbard@nvidia.com> Cc: Joshua Hahn <joshua.hahnjy@gmail.com> Cc: Juri Lelli <juri.lelli@redhat.com> Cc: Kairui Song <kasong@tencent.com> Cc: Kees Cook <kees@kernel.org> Cc: Kemeng Shi <shikemeng@huaweicloud.com> Cc: Lance Yang <lance.yang@linux.dev> Cc: Leon Romanovsky <leon@kernel.org> Cc: Liam Howlett <liam.howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Mathew Brost <matthew.brost@intel.com> Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Nhat Pham <nphamcs@gmail.com> Cc: Nico Pache <npache@redhat.com> Cc: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de> Cc: Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Qi Zheng <zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com> Cc: Rakie Kim <rakie.kim@sk.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@surriel.com> Cc: Ryan Roberts <ryan.roberts@arm.com> Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev> Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Trevor Gross <tmgross@umich.edu> Cc: Valentin Schneider <vschneid@redhat.com> Cc: Vincent Guittot <vincent.guittot@linaro.org> Cc: Wei Xu <weixugc@google.com> Cc: xu xin <xu.xin16@zte.com.cn> Cc: Yuanchu Xie <yuanchu@google.com> Cc: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2025-11-29tools/testing/vma: eliminate dependency on vma->__vm_flagsLorenzo Stoakes-10/+10
The userland VMA test code relied on an internal implementation detail - the existence of vma->__vm_flags to directly access VMA flags. There is no need to do so when we have the vm_flags_*() helper functions available. This is ugly, but also a subsequent commit will eliminate this field altogether so this will shortly become broken. This patch has us utilise the helper functions instead. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/6275c53a6bb20743edcbe92d3e130183b47d18d0.1764064557.git.lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com> Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Acked-by: Pedro Falcato <pfalcato@suse.de> Acked-by: Alice Ryhl <aliceryhl@google.com> [rust] Cc: Alex Gaynor <alex.gaynor@gmail.com> Cc: Alistair Popple <apopple@nvidia.com> Cc: Andreas Hindborg <a.hindborg@kernel.org> Cc: Axel Rasmussen <axelrasmussen@google.com> Cc: Baolin Wang <baolin.wang@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com> Cc: Barry Song <baohua@kernel.org> Cc: Ben Segall <bsegall@google.com> Cc: Björn Roy Baron <bjorn3_gh@protonmail.com> Cc: Boqun Feng <boqun.feng@gmail.com> Cc: Byungchul Park <byungchul@sk.com> Cc: Chengming Zhou <chengming.zhou@linux.dev> Cc: Chris Li <chrisl@kernel.org> Cc: Danilo Krummrich <dakr@kernel.org> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Dev Jain <dev.jain@arm.com> Cc: Dietmar Eggemann <dietmar.eggemann@arm.com> Cc: Gary Guo <gary@garyguo.net> Cc: Gregory Price <gourry@gourry.net> Cc: "Huang, Ying" <ying.huang@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com> Cc: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@ziepe.ca> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: John Hubbard <jhubbard@nvidia.com> Cc: Joshua Hahn <joshua.hahnjy@gmail.com> Cc: Juri Lelli <juri.lelli@redhat.com> Cc: Kairui Song <kasong@tencent.com> Cc: Kees Cook <kees@kernel.org> Cc: Kemeng Shi <shikemeng@huaweicloud.com> Cc: Lance Yang <lance.yang@linux.dev> Cc: Leon Romanovsky <leon@kernel.org> Cc: Liam Howlett <liam.howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Mathew Brost <matthew.brost@intel.com> Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Nhat Pham <nphamcs@gmail.com> Cc: Nico Pache <npache@redhat.com> Cc: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de> Cc: Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Qi Zheng <zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com> Cc: Rakie Kim <rakie.kim@sk.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@surriel.com> Cc: Ryan Roberts <ryan.roberts@arm.com> Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev> Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Trevor Gross <tmgross@umich.edu> Cc: Valentin Schneider <vschneid@redhat.com> Cc: Vincent Guittot <vincent.guittot@linaro.org> Cc: Wei Xu <weixugc@google.com> Cc: xu xin <xu.xin16@zte.com.cn> Cc: Yuanchu Xie <yuanchu@google.com> Cc: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2025-11-29mm: declare VMA flags by bitLorenzo Stoakes-45/+259
Patch series "initial work on making VMA flags a bitmap", v3. We are in the rather silly situation that we are running out of VMA flags as they are currently limited to a system word in size. This leads to absurd situations where we limit features to 64-bit architectures only because we simply do not have the ability to add a flag for 32-bit ones. This is very constraining and leads to hacks or, in the worst case, simply an inability to implement features we want for entirely arbitrary reasons. This also of course gives us something of a Y2K type situation in mm where we might eventually exhaust all of the VMA flags even on 64-bit systems. This series lays the groundwork for getting away from this limitation by establishing VMA flags as a bitmap whose size we can increase in future beyond 64 bits if required. This is necessarily a highly iterative process given the extensive use of VMA flags throughout the kernel, so we start by performing basic steps. Firstly, we declare VMA flags by bit number rather than by value, retaining the VM_xxx fields but in terms of these newly introduced VMA_xxx_BIT fields. While we are here, we use sparse annotations to ensure that, when dealing with VMA bit number parameters, we cannot be passed values which are not declared as such - providing some useful type safety. We then introduce an opaque VMA flag type, much like the opaque mm_struct flag type introduced in commit bb6525f2f8c4 ("mm: add bitmap mm->flags field"), which we establish in union with vma->vm_flags (but still set at system word size meaning there is no functional or data type size change). We update the vm_flags_xxx() helpers to use this new bitmap, introducing sensible helpers to do so. This series lays the foundation for further work to expand the use of bitmap VMA flags and eventually eliminate these arbitrary restrictions. This patch (of 4): In order to lay the groundwork for VMA flags being a bitmap rather than a system word in size, we need to be able to consistently refer to VMA flags by bit number rather than value. Take this opportunity to do so in an enum which we which is additionally useful for tooling to extract metadata from. This additionally makes it very clear which bits are being used for what at a glance. We use the VMA_ prefix for the bit values as it is logical to do so since these reference VMAs. We consistently suffix with _BIT to make it clear what the values refer to. We declare bit values even when the flags that use them would not be enabled by config options as this is simply clearer and clearly defines what bit numbers are used for what, at no additional cost. We declare a sparse-bitwise type vma_flag_t which ensures that users can't pass around invalid VMA flags by accident and prepares for future work towards VMA flags being a bitmap where we want to ensure bit values are type safe. To make life easier, we declare some macro helpers - DECLARE_VMA_BIT() allows us to avoid duplication in the enum bit number declarations (and maintaining the sparse __bitwise attribute), and INIT_VM_FLAG() is used to assist with declaration of flags. Unfortunately we can't declare both in the enum, as we run into issue with logic in the kernel requiring that flags are preprocessor definitions, and additionally we cannot have a macro which declares another macro so we must define each flag macro directly. Additionally, update the VMA userland testing vma_internal.h header to include these changes. We also have to fix the parameters to the vma_flag_*_atomic() functions since VMA_MAYBE_GUARD_BIT is now of type vma_flag_t and sparse will complain otherwise. We have to update some rather silly if-deffery found in mm/task_mmu.c which would otherwise break. Finally, we update the rust binding helper as now it cannot auto-detect the flags at all. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/cover.1764064556.git.lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/3a35e5a0bcfa00e84af24cbafc0653e74deda64a.1764064556.git.lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com> Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Reviewed-by: Pedro Falcato <pfalcato@suse.de> Acked-by: Alice Ryhl <aliceryhl@google.com> [rust] Cc: Alex Gaynor <alex.gaynor@gmail.com> Cc: Alistair Popple <apopple@nvidia.com> Cc: Andreas Hindborg <a.hindborg@kernel.org> Cc: Axel Rasmussen <axelrasmussen@google.com> Cc: Baolin Wang <baolin.wang@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com> Cc: Barry Song <baohua@kernel.org> Cc: Ben Segall <bsegall@google.com> Cc: Björn Roy Baron <bjorn3_gh@protonmail.com> Cc: Boqun Feng <boqun.feng@gmail.com> Cc: Byungchul Park <byungchul@sk.com> Cc: Chengming Zhou <chengming.zhou@linux.dev> Cc: Chris Li <chrisl@kernel.org> Cc: Danilo Krummrich <dakr@kernel.org> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Dev Jain <dev.jain@arm.com> Cc: Dietmar Eggemann <dietmar.eggemann@arm.com> Cc: Gary Guo <gary@garyguo.net> Cc: Gregory Price <gourry@gourry.net> Cc: "Huang, Ying" <ying.huang@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com> Cc: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@ziepe.ca> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: John Hubbard <jhubbard@nvidia.com> Cc: Joshua Hahn <joshua.hahnjy@gmail.com> Cc: Juri Lelli <juri.lelli@redhat.com> Cc: Kairui Song <kasong@tencent.com> Cc: Kees Cook <kees@kernel.org> Cc: Kemeng Shi <shikemeng@huaweicloud.com> Cc: Lance Yang <lance.yang@linux.dev> Cc: Leon Romanovsky <leon@kernel.org> Cc: Liam Howlett <liam.howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Mathew Brost <matthew.brost@intel.com> Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Nhat Pham <nphamcs@gmail.com> Cc: Nico Pache <npache@redhat.com> Cc: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de> Cc: Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Qi Zheng <zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com> Cc: Rakie Kim <rakie.kim@sk.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@surriel.com> Cc: Ryan Roberts <ryan.roberts@arm.com> Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev> Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Trevor Gross <tmgross@umich.edu> Cc: Valentin Schneider <vschneid@redhat.com> Cc: Vincent Guittot <vincent.guittot@linaro.org> Cc: Wei Xu <weixugc@google.com> Cc: xu xin <xu.xin16@zte.com.cn> Cc: Yuanchu Xie <yuanchu@google.com> Cc: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2025-11-29selftests/bpf: do not hardcode target rate in test_tc_edt BPF programAlexis Lothoré (eBPF Foundation)-3/+4
test_tc_edt currently defines the target rate in both the userspace and BPF parts. This value could be defined once in the userspace part if we make it able to configure the BPF program before starting the test. Add a target_rate variable in the BPF part, and make the userspace part set it to the desired rate before attaching the shaping program. Signed-off-by: Alexis Lothoré (eBPF Foundation) <alexis.lothore@bootlin.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20251128-tc_edt-v2-4-26db48373e73@bootlin.com Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
2025-11-29selftests/bpf: remove test_tc_edt.shAlexis Lothoré (eBPF Foundation)-102/+0
Now that test_tc_edt has been integrated in test_progs, remove the legacy shell script. Signed-off-by: Alexis Lothoré (eBPF Foundation) <alexis.lothore@bootlin.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20251128-tc_edt-v2-3-26db48373e73@bootlin.com Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
2025-11-29selftests/bpf: integrate test_tc_edt into test_progsAlexis Lothoré (eBPF Foundation)-1/+145
test_tc_edt.sh uses a pair of veth and a BPF program attached to the TX veth to shape the traffic to 5MBps. It then checks that the amount of received bytes (at interface level), compared to the TX duration, indeed matches 5Mbps. Convert this test script to the test_progs framework: - keep the double veth setup, isolated in two veths - run a small tcp server, and connect client to server - push a pre-configured amount of bytes, and measure how much time has been needed to push those - ensure that this rate is in a 2% error margin around the target rate This two percent value, while being tight, is hopefully large enough to not make the test too flaky in CI, while also turning it into a small example of BPF-based shaping. Signed-off-by: Alexis Lothoré (eBPF Foundation) <alexis.lothore@bootlin.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20251128-tc_edt-v2-2-26db48373e73@bootlin.com Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
2025-11-29selftests/bpf: rename test_tc_edt.bpf.c section to expose program typeAlexis Lothoré (eBPF Foundation)-2/+3
The test_tc_edt BPF program uses a custom section name, which works fine when manually loading it with tc, but prevents it from being loaded with libbpf. Update the program section name to "tc" to be able to manipulate it with a libbpf-based C test. Signed-off-by: Alexis Lothoré (eBPF Foundation) <alexis.lothore@bootlin.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20251128-tc_edt-v2-1-26db48373e73@bootlin.com Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
2025-11-29selftests/bpf: Add success stats to rqspinlock stress testKumar Kartikeya Dwivedi-12/+43
Add stats to observe the success and failure rate of lock acquisition attempts in various contexts. Signed-off-by: Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi <memxor@gmail.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20251128232802.1031906-7-memxor@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
2025-11-28selftests: bonding: add delay before each xvlan_over_bond connectivity checkHangbin Liu-0/+1
Jakub reported increased flakiness in bond_macvlan_ipvlan.sh on regular kernel, while the tests consistently pass on a debug kernel. This suggests a timing-sensitive issue. To mitigate this, introduce a short sleep before each xvlan_over_bond connectivity check. The delay helps ensure neighbor and route cache have fully converged before verifying connectivity. The sleep interval is kept minimal since check_connection() is invoked nearly 100 times during the test. Fixes: 246af950b940 ("selftests: bonding: add macvlan over bond testing") Reported-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org> Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/netdev/20251114082014.750edfad@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Hangbin Liu <liuhangbin@gmail.com> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20251127143310.47740-1-liuhangbin@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
2025-11-28bpf: Remove runqslower toolHoyeon Lee-20/+1
runqslower was added in commit 9c01546d26d2 "tools/bpf: Add runqslower tool to tools/bpf" as a BCC port to showcase early BPF CO-RE + libbpf workflows. runqslower continues to live in BCC (libbpf-tools), so there is no need to keep building and maintaining it. Drop tools/bpf/runqslower and remove all build hooks in tools/bpf and selftests accordingly. Signed-off-by: Hoyeon Lee <hoyeon.lee@suse.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20251126093821.373291-1-hoyeon.lee@suse.com Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
2025-11-28selftests/bpf: Remove usage of lsm/file_alloc_security in selftestAmery Hung-7/+7
file_alloc_security hook is disabled. Use other LSM hooks in selftests instead. Signed-off-by: Amery Hung <ameryhung@gmail.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20251126202927.2584874-2-ameryhung@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>